Best Friend essays

Closest Friend expositions Do you have a genuine closest companion? I sure do. _____ is really my closest companion. She is consistently there for me. She has a deep understanding of me; even my privileged insights. I cannot keep anything from her! She is the individual who will help me when I am down, flip around my grimace, and cause me to feel better about myself. I cannot envision any better of a companion. I love her more than anything and I would bite the dust for her. Megan and I are in every case together; regardless of where we are! We go to places like the shopping center and motion pictures, to the mountains and lakes! Together we go most all over! A couple of days prior we got Pose pictures together! We generally go out on the town to shop together and she causes me choose what and what not to purchase! Together we are relentless! We additionally help each other with homework, and loved ones issues. She causes me through my hardest occasions, and is there for my best occasions. Its elusive a companion that way. You may simply have old buddies that you can rely on now and again, yet to be trustworthy on an individual and realizing they will be there for you, its elusive somebody like that. Without her I would not be as upbeat as I am currently. We have such a significant number of inside jokes that no one would comprehend except if they were there, or on the off chance that they were simply us! Not every person gets our moronic jokes, and they may believe that there youthful and infantile, however together we make them clever and receive a decent chuckle in return! Shes the sort of individual that I would never deceive. Regardless of whether I tried to mislead her, she realizes me so well; she could tell I was lying. Megan can tell if Im lying regardless of whether I am keeping a straight face! I dont know how she does it! We suspect as much similar and its like were speaking with our brains! Simultaneously were continually thinking something very similar or have a similar thought. She likewise knows every one of my appearances and how I sound when Im hyper, disappointed, discouraged, irritated, or cheerful. Shes a companion that I could and will neve ... <!

Developing People and High Performance Organizations †Free Samples

Question: Examine about the Developing People and High Performance Organizations. Answer: Presentation The Human Resources branch of any organization copies the points and destinations of the organization, and consequently, it is fundamental for the organization to care for the improvement of the Human Resources and its information for acquiring wanted achievement (Knowles et al., 2014). The achievement can be accomplished by just including the HR group in the administration and arranging movement, which is gotten from the hypotheses like conduct hypothesis, learning hypothesis, abilities and ability covered up in the representatives, and significantly more. About all the organizations and the related chiefs should know the significance of HR and ought to likewise concentrate on the learning of the HR division and train them for giving out greatest returns (Kasworm et al., 2010). HR office and it the executives aptitudes have stayed in discusses where different organizations attempt to comprehend the intricate circumstances of the human asset the board. Alongside knowing the administration complexities, they likewise have made examines, carried on examination, and are taking a shot at speculations to manage the issues (Werner and DeSimone, 2011). To comprehend the multifaceted nature of the human asset office with a reasonable view, one should know plainly what the HR are appropriately. In a word, HR incorporate people working in the association that gives an important commitment in the administration framework to achieve the objectives (Brattonand Gold, 2015). It is demonstrated that if the workers perform well on the genuine convention, oversee and perform alongside it, the association is clearly going to prevail with regards to accomplishing its objectives. Advantages of The Human Resource Development At the point when appropriate preparing and learning is given to the representatives of any organization, the presentation of the workers and the yield likewise gives wondrous outcomes. This additionally helps the association in offering awards to the specialist for the inspiration, difficult work, and commitment he has given to the association (Werner, 2014). Another approach to perceive the exhibition of the representative is through the presentation examination framework that helps in knowing the proficiency of the laborer to compensate him in like manner (Lim et al., 2013). In the event that the organization doesnt focus on the exhibition of the worker and the regions where they need, it would not have the option to accomplish wanted outcomes moreover. Thus, it is important to keep a steady watch on the aptitudes of the workers alongside their commitment and inspiration with the goal that essential arrangements and preparing projects can be set for their improvement. Execution the board has become very urgent nowadays, and consequently, it is significant for the organizations to take care of the exhibition of the representatives. The HR administrators need to keep a watch on the workers execution to furnish them with fulfilling rewards, as this would to the creation of the organization. Subsequently, giving them reward or rewards is an approach to get progressively out of the workers. It has been demonstrated through different inquires about that with the assistance of execution examinations, the organizations have developed and created as it were. Nonetheless, the evaluation has additionally prompted some severe guidelines on the organization for the workers, however it has likewise been productive for the advancement of the organization. Henceforth, the HR the executives and improvement not just incorporates the structure of the aptitudes of the representatives yet in addition helps in its turn of events, training and adapting as well (Watkins and Marsick, 2014). At the point when the organization puts resources into the preparation of any representatives through preparing projects, improvement, and learning, it works in the advancement of the organization, as it creates fruitful abilities in the worker to expand creation. One of thekey regions for improvement of workers is group learning. Group qualities and assorted variety Thought group is a typical word utilized by all the gatherings made for any reason, be that as it may, gathering and group are not similar characters. The group comprises of at least two individuals attempting to accomplish a similar objective under similar conditions (Manuti et al., 2015). A group as a rule report to one regular individual can be a director. Effective fulfillment of the undertaking is relying on execution level and the commitment of colleagues. The connection level of the group relies on the reliance of each other. Significance of group Each worker of the association some way or another relies on another representative to cooperate. No worker can work alone to accomplish wanted objectives. He needs to take the help of his collaborator to finish a task (Knowles et al., 2014). It has been seen ordinarily group yield being more proficient than the individual representative. Representatives with explicit intrigue and specialization can cooperate on a typical stage and structure a decent group. Group building is a fundamental component of association to assemble holding among workers and show signs of improvement results. Associations need results: To create income organization needs to accomplish targets. To finish the objective one needs to get the away from of the issue and needs to discover an answer for the equivalent. Nobody can separately, take choices. Notwithstanding, a great group can prompt a superior arrangement of any issue (Brattonand Gold, 2015). Set aside less effort to finish the assignment: An individual certainly needs more opportunity to finish the apportioned work. Be that as it may, on the off chance that representatives cooperate, at that point the assignment can be partitioned into a subsection. Sharing of obligation can likewise diminish work weight and weight. By allotting fill in according to the specialization of an individual can likewise create yield a lot quicker and productive (Lim et al., 2013). Work never endures: By working with the group if there should be an occurrence of a crisis colleague can offer charge to another part. This will never hamper the work. On account of nonappearance of any part, other colleagues can finish the work effectively (Christopher, 2012). Assembled sound rivalry among representatives: Competition among representatives is an extraordinary factor to propel them to work. Working in a group can assemble solid rivalry among representatives to perform superior to the next colleagues (Kasworm et al., 2010). Colleagues can pick up from one another: Everybody has various characteristics. One can generally pick up something from the other. Being in the group can assist a person with getting great characteristics and properties of other colleagues. This likewise improves people character and friends uprightness. Attributes of Team The group consistently has an unmistakable objective, which has been imparted to all. All must comprehend it appropriately (Werner, 2014). The individuals from the group ought to hear each out other and examine things to get an appropriate arrangement. Choices are fundamentally needy upon coherent yield and not most of thoughts. Group achievement depends on the colleagues and their endeavors. Colleagues should give their 100 % to accomplish the objective (Manuti et al., 2015). Access to apparatuses, specialists and gear assumes a significant job here. Quality is the best apparatus to the achievement of the association. Inspiration can help the spirit of colleagues. Gratefulness and grants can do the needful (Yeo and Marquardt, 2015). Correspondence between colleague is the stepping stool to finish extends effectively Shared trust and regard of colleague can be a positive sight toward the group. A colleague ought to tune in and see one another, view to arriving at an answer. Outside help is additionally considered an imperative guide to the fulfillment of the group (Guest, 2010). Errand Interdependency Errand interdependency sets off the predefined convention to guarantee how insights, information, and considerable data will be shared between various colleagues to achieve the shared objectives. There are three kinds of undertaking relationship in any hierarchical structure (Christopher, 2012): Pooled Interdependency: In pooled reliance, all branches of the association work freely. Divisions may not legitimately associate and rely upon one another. Every division contributes its own worth/proportions to finish the errand. Anyway various units perform totally separate capacities (Sparrow et al., 2016). Successive Interdependency: Sequential relationship is dealing with yield as info structure. As one division yield will be the contribution from different offices. Various offices cooperate in successive structure to finish the assignment. Maybe the creation procedure of any material can be the model for this (Wilton, 2016). Equal Interdependency: In an equal relationship, the division needs to make profoundly network between them. As this is to and fro process. Work regularly goes between the divisions ordinarily during the procedure. End Similarly as the job of HR the board continues changing all through the world for different reasons consistently, the exactness of the presentation evaluation of workers isn't likewise steady. Some ongoing changes in the HR the board have been found because of the emergency looked by the world, the consequences of which incorporate value rise, joblessness, defilement, privatization, and considerably more. Among the different accessible speculations, two prevalently acknowledged hypotheses for improving the HRmanagementfor the grown-ups are the group conduct hypothesis and the circumstance taking care of hypothesis. They can assume a crucial job in updating the mentors learning process. The conduct hypothesis has helped the organizations in building up the capability for such a large number of years and furthermore in showing the specialized abilities of the workers. Subsequently, a deliberate preparing program for actualizing group building, PC based learning for colleagues, and so on can help any of the organizations to advance productively. References Knowles M., Holton E., Swanson R. (2014). The Adult Learner:The Definitive Classic in Adult Education and Human Resource Development. Routledge. Recovered from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=1We2BQAAQBAJoi=f

Strategies to Avoid Smoking Again After Stopping

Strategies to Avoid Smoking Again After Stopping Addiction Nicotine Use After You Quit Print Strategies to Avoid Smoking Again After Stopping By Terry Martin facebook twitter Terry Martin quit smoking after 26 years and is now an advocate for those seeking freedom from nicotine addiction. Learn about our editorial policy Terry Martin Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Sanja Jelic, MD on January 21, 2020 Sanja Jelic, MD, is board-certified in sleep medicine, critical care medicine, pulmonary disease, and internal medicine.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Sanja Jelic, MD Updated on February 14, 2020 Seb Oliver/Getty Images More in Addiction Nicotine Use After You Quit How to Quit Smoking Nicotine Withdrawal Smoking-Related Diseases The Inside of Cigarettes Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery Most of us know someone  who had a smoking relapse years after quitting. On the surface, it is frightening  for those who are working hard to beat nicotine addiction. It feels like smoking is a nasty monster that follows us forever, waiting to pounce when were least suspecting. Thats not how it works though. Relapse never happens out of the blue, even though people often think it does. The key to lasting freedom from this addiction lies in changing your relationship to smoking. If you quit smoking by sheer willpower, believing somewhere in the back of your mind that youre making a sacrifice by doing so, youre setting the stage for eventual  relapse.   Will I Always Miss Smoking? Why People Tend to Relapse After They Stop Smoking Emotionally, we think were giving up something good when we think of making a sacrifice.  Thats the message your brain receives, and its not an accurate or healthy one. You might be able to abstain for years and years, but if you believe this lie, youll find yourself missing smoking and thinking of it as a fix when times of stress or other potential triggers come along.?? However, if you do the work necessary to change how you think about your smoking addiction, youll find your freedom and wont have to struggle to maintain it. That sounds great, but how  do you go about making that change? Key Strategies to Stop Smoking for Good Use these tips to quit smoking once and for all. Get Educated All smokers know that smoking is bad for our health. We all know that it causes emphysema, lung cancer, and many other diseases. In order to continue smoking in the face of this harsh reality, we all had ways of compartmentalizing our habit. We justify our smoking habit to alleviate our mind. Wed tell ourselves we had years before we needed to worry. Wed claim that smoking light cigarettes were better for our health than smoking regulars. Wed say that smoking disease happens to other people, not us. We had a hundred ways to rationalize smoking. Eventually, though, the smokescreen wears so thin that the scales tip in the other direction. This is usually when people decide to do the necessary work to quit. Once that happens, its time to take a good look at all of the issues surrounding smoking. Learning everything you can about the dangers as well as what to expect when you quit will go a long way toward helping you start to make a permanent change. Education is an important part of the process that will release you from this killer of an addiction. Be a sponge and soak up everything you can find about smoking/quitting. 10 Things to Stop Doing When You Quit Smoking Adjust Your Mindset and Self-Talk A good attitude helps us more than a bad attitude. Theres more to it though than just positive thinking. Truly changing your attitude when it comes to recovery from nicotine addiction involves retraining how you think. For most of us, it involves conscious effort and plenty of practice. Begin by paying close attention to the literally thousands of thoughts floating through your mind on a daily basis. Capture negative thoughts as they arise and change or retrain them on the spot. You may not believe what youre telling yourself at first but do it anyway. One of the lovely things about the way our minds work is that we tend to believe what we tell ourselves. Take advantage of that and feed yourself a steady diet of accurate information about the realities of smoking. Dont romanticize cigarettes. Remind yourself that they dont offer anything of value and are, in fact, harmful to you (as well as those around you). So, for instance, if you think something like: I may as well give up. Ive been smoke-free for months now, and I still miss smoking every now and then. Ill never be free of cigarettes. Instead, tell yourself: I need to be patient with myself. I smoked for a long time and reprogramming the hundreds of associations to smoking Ive built up doesnt happen overnight. I know that cravings are signs of healing. Or, if you think: Smoking made life more enjoyable. It relaxed me and helped me cope with stress. Instead, tell yourself: Smoking was slowly killing me. Addiction to nicotine didnt really help with stress; it actually created most of the anxiety I felt. Smoking only relieved the physical withdrawal I experienced when the nicotine level in my bloodstream dropped. Once Ive gotten through recovery, Ill be able to cope so much better without smoking than I ever did with it. Changing the way we think isnt a miracle that just happens to us. We do the work to make the changes by paying attention to errant thoughts and making appropriate adjustments. If you notice your attitude is making a shift for the worse, this is the way to pull it back into line. Be patient and allow for the time it takes to heal from this addiction. As you make your way through the first year, you will have experienced most of the situations in regular everyday life that trigger thoughts of smoking. Once faced, these triggers lose power. This all takes time and practice. You are in the drivers seat with your quit program. Our actions are always within our control. Do the work to change your relationship with smoking, and you will find the release from the need to smoke that you want so badly. What to Expect When You Quit Smoking

Introduction To Research - 808 Words

Introduction to Research Research is a high-hat word that scares a lot of people. It is a welcoming attitude towards change. The research state of mind can apply to anything. It is a problem-solving mind. What is Research? Research is defined as a careful, systematic study in a field of knowledge, undertaken to discover or establish facts or principles (Webster, 1984). Research is defined as a systematic process of collecting and analyzing data to find an answer to a question or a solution to a problem, to validate or test an existing theory. The Value of Research Research helps professionals by providing information to make decisions, or to perform their functions more effectively. Teachers need to know what teaching method can be used†¦show more content†¦Certain factors are â€Å"assumed† to explain or contribute to the existence of a problem or a certain condition or the variation in a given situation. The researcher usually uses a theory or a hypothesis to account for or explain the forces that are â€Å"assumed to have caused† the problem. For example, relationships between the following pairs of variables can be studied: 1. Gender Grades 2. Knowledge about cancer compliance with medical regimen 3. Educational attainment repayment status of cooperative members Intervention or Experimental Research The intervention or experimental type of research evaluates the effect or outcome of a particular intervention or treatment. It studies the â€Å"cause and effect† relationship between certain factors on a certain phenomenon under controlled conditions. The following examples of research topics fall under the explanatory or correlation category: 1. â€Å"The Effect of Different Levels of Applied Nitrogen on the growth and Yield of Rice† Experimental vs. Non-experimental Research Experimental research Treatments are given to subjects Cause-and-effect questions Non-experimental research Treatments are not given to subjects Participants are observed as they naturally exist Other Dichotomies of Research There are other classification of research: 1. Pure or Applied 2. Exploratory or Explanatory 3. Quantitative or Qualitative Pure Basic Attempts to describe an existing situation and/or explain certainShow MoreRelatedIntroduction to Research1994 Words   |  8 PagesJasmin O. Lacson, R.N., C.R.N. MODULE ONE INTRODUCTION TO THEORY 1. There are defining characteristics that determine nursing practice. Base on your clinical experience, explain the meaning of the following: 2.1 Nursing as a practice- oriented discipline Nursing as practice oriented discipline is the ability of the nurse to articulate the significance of what they do as an essential thread of contemporary health care provision. The main essence of practice oriented disciplineRead MoreIntroduction To Research1288 Words   |  6 PagesThe researcher will attempt to reach as many subjects as possible from the administrative staff of a Midwest Government Facility through dissemination of an email containing a link to an anonymous survey designed in Qualtrics. The targeted audience are office workers spending sixty percent or greater of their day at the computer workstation. Potential participants will be located by communicating with administrative department managers, Appendix A. A link to the survey will be provided in the emailRead MoreIntroduction to Research Methods1682 Words   |  7 Pagesstudents who might engage in research at some point in their studies and/or working career understanding on ââ€" ¦ the basic principles of business research ââ€" ¦ how to use research analytics in decisionmaking Course Outcomes 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Develop research questions and translate the questions into research objectives and hypotheses. Select appropriate research designs for various research objectives. Plan a survey research study. Write questionnaireRead MoreIntroduction to Basic Research1407 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION TO BASIC RESEARCH – ‘Basic research’ is a term that is widely used but with little apparent consensus on what it actually means. The term basic research usually refers to study and research on pure science that is meant to increase our scientific knowledge base. This type of research is often purely theoretical with the intent of increasing our understanding of certain phenomena or behaviour but does not seek to solve or treat these problems. Most scientists believe that a basicRead MoreIntroduction to Qualitative Research6051 Words   |  25 PagesChapter 1: INTRODUCTION TO QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS This chapter introduces the fundamental elements of qualitative research methods, beginning with a definition of qualitative of research, followed by discussion on the evolution of qualitative research methods and how it is different from quantitative research methods. Also discussed is the importance of ethical considerations when doing qualitative research. Just like all research, qualitative researchRead MoreIntroduction to Nursing Research1077 Words   |  5 PagesShortening the Wait: A Strategy to Reduce Waiting Times in the Emergency Department Introduction Emergency Department (ED) nursing is fast paced and complex in nature. 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NotRead MoreIntroduction for Research Example3481 Words   |  14 PagesIntroduction Nowadays, technology is considered as one reason why other countries are in the highest class. Through technology people gained knowledge by discovering different things that may help for the improvement of the country. Technology is far getting farther. Technology, which began from a simple device, now becomes a high speed and multi – tasking one. This is the only way in which they cope with their various demands of their customers, clients and furthermore they do not have to wasteRead MoreResearch Proposal And Introduction Of Publix1032 Words   |  5 PagesChapter 1: Research Proposal and Introduction Section 1: Introduction to Publix Supermarket A supermarket, or grocery store is a place everyone visits at least weekly. People put their trust in the place they choose to shop. The company I choose to research is Publix Super Market Incorporated, otherwise known as Publix. They are known mainly for their outstanding customer service (Business, 2007). Publix prides themselves in, making every single store a pleasure to shop in. Their philosophy is inRead MoreLegal Research Methodology: an Introduction4861 Words   |  20 PagesIntroduction Legal researchers have always struggled to explain the nature of their activities to colleagues in other disciplines. If Becher’s (1981, p. 111) work continues to represent an accurate account of how academic lawyers are viewed by their peers they have much work still to do in this respect. He found that they were regarded as ‘not really academic †¦ arcane, distant and alien: an appendage to the academic world †¦ vociferous, untrustworthy, immoral, narrow and arrogant’. Their research

The Effects Of Drug Abuse On American Substance Abuse...

The article I reviewed was directed to the topic regarding drugs referred to as, Acceptability and Availability of Harm-Reduction Interventions for Drug Abuse in American Substance Abuse Treatment Agencies, by Harold Rosenberg and Kristina T. Phillips. The study took place at Bowling Green State University and its method was conducted as a survey. Harold Rosenberg and Kristina T. Philips developed this study to determine the acceptability and availability for several types of interventions at multiple substance abuse treatment agencies across American. The study also attempted to determine the reasons for a variety of pharamacological and nonpharmacological harm reduction intervention being unavailability at many agencies. They focused on 17 selected interventions and their outcome goals that could be used to reduce-drug related harm. In the study, the method used was a survey which was created to be an assessment questionnaire. This specific assessment was called the harm reduction attitude questionaries’ (HRAQ). The questionnaire was mailed out to 500 randomly selected substance abuse agencies located in the United States. To assure high responsive rates, any agencies that did not immediate respond received a follow up reminder post card. Among those 500 agencies, 65 of them were returned because of addresses being changed, or the agency did not wish to participate in the study. From the remaining 435, only 222 (51%) of the submitted questionnaire contained useableShow MoreRelatedWhat Is The Total Economic Burden Of Prescription Opioid Abuse?1662 Words   |  7 PagesClark American Military University Week 6 Current Event Paper 2 â€Å"The total economic burden of prescription opioid misuse alone in the United States is $78.5 billion a year, including the costs of healthcare, lost productivity, addiction treatment, and criminal justice involvement†. -The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Substance abuse disorders have been considered a major epidemic by public health authorities during this century. Most recently, those who use, and abuse opioidsRead MoreThe Health Care System As A Whole951 Words   |  4 PagesDescribe the effect of the issue/topic on the health care system as a whole. Drug abuse is an illness of the brain, and it has a negative impact on the body system. It weakens the immune system making is difficult for the body to fight diseases. Drug use also affect other organs of the body which includes the heart, liver kidney and the brain. This illness can cause paranoid, aggression, impaired judgment, hallucination and suicidal ideations. The statistics available shows that annual number ofRead More Cost of Drug Abuse on Society Essay923 Words   |  4 PagesDrug abuse is a rampant problem in the United States. Drugs can be abused in a variety of different ways by people from every walk of life. Most of us have been affected by drug abuse either directly or indirectly. Drug abusers harm themselves, as well as their families and communities. Drug abuse takes an enormous toll on our society at many levels. The cost of drug abuse on our society is astronomical, not only financially but also personally, emotionally, socially and professionally. Read MoreSubstance Abuse Affects An Estimated 25 Million Americans895 Words   |  4 PagesSubstance abuse affects an estimated 25 million Americans. This includes the individual abusing the substance, as well as others that are indirectly affected by the substance abuse, such as: friends and family of the abuser as well as people injured or killed in accidents related to substance abuse impairment. There are 16 million adults that are considered alcoholics (heavy drinkers) and almost 300,000 people under the age 18 (Mental Health America, 2015). Alcoholism relapses are common. AfterRead MoreSubstance Abuse Paper1198 Words   |  5 PagesSubstance abuse is one of the most common comorbid conditions among individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia (Schwartz et al., 2007). Previous studies have shown that nicotine, alcohol, and cannabis were the most frequently used substances in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, followed by cocaine and amphetamine. Individuals with substance use disorders have negative long-term outcomes and poorer overall quality of life. Researchers suggest that substance abuse complicates individuals withRead MorePublic Health Problem : Substance Abuse Among Nurses1024 Words   |  5 PagesPublic Health Problem: Substance Abuse Among Nurses Introduction As a healthcare professional, we are responsible for the delivery of high quality patient care. Substance abuse among nurses is an issue that threatens professional standards and can lead to poor patient outcomes (Rohma,2012). According to Healthy People 2020, an estimated 22 million Americans struggled with drug or alcohol abuse in the year 2005 (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [HHS],2013). Given that the nurses haveRead MoreThe Nations Drug Problem Essay1607 Words   |  7 PagesNations Drug Problem (United States) Over the last couple of years, there has been increased concern over the effects of drugs on the health of Americans. This is mainly due to the increased use of drugs by most citizens, which has caused the government to spend a lot of money to curb this problem. One of the most abused drugs is alcohol, and American citizens are increasingly becoming addicted to it. It is also the most undesirable drug, as it costs the government over $200 billion in terms ofRead MoreThe Abuse Affects An Estimated 25 Million Americans844 Words   |  4 PageslSubstance abuse affects an estimated 25 million Americans. This includes the individual abusing the substance as well as others that are indirectly affected by the substance abuse, such as: friends and family of the abuser as well as people injured or killed in accidents related to substance abuse impairment. There are 16 million adults who are considered alcoholics (heavy drinkers) and almost 300,000 people under the age 18 (Mental Health Ameri ca, 2015). Alcoholism relapse is common. 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Institutional barriers and lack of community infrastructure make treatment efforts difficult in serving a diverse population (Ja, 1993). In addition to the psychological barriers, other physical problems also exist. Most primary care physicians do not feel competent to treat alcohol and drug related disorders. Physicians generally

Greatest Chinese Inventions Free Essays

The Greatest Chinese Inventions Gene R. Kelsey Strayer University The ancient Chinese culture produced major inventions that some of which still are relevant and useful to our modern culture all over world even today. When an Italian merchant named Marco Polo traveled to China in during the Song Dynasty in 1271 he discovered a place so technologically advanced far greater than any Western European nation of its time. We will write a custom essay sample on Greatest Chinese Inventions or any similar topic only for you Order Now The following is a listing of 9 important inventions instrumental to our growth as modern Human Beings. It would be a technical pilgrimage for me to win this contest. I would love to visit China. (1) The Process of Paper making. Although first used as wrapping and padding for over 100 years before it became a medium for writing upon around AD 105. Paper along with printing changed the way the world documented everything from history to science and many years later paper currency. Even though our modern culture is moving away from paper it will always be used in one form or another. There is no such thing as electronic toilet paper. 2) The invention of the printing press with moveable text symbols by Bi Sheng. It was this invention that was eventually taken over to the West and used by Gutenberg for the printing of the Bible. Needless to say, this had a profound effect on the nature of knowledge and the development of literature, (The Franklin Institute). (3) Gun Powder and Fireworks. The use of gunpowder in weapons gave those with access to the technology a greater ability to protect t hemselves from enemies or to conquer and control others. It greatly affected the balance of power in many parts of the world. Whether we agree or not the invention of Gun Powder and the weapons that followed were huge game changers for Humanity. (4) The Compass which was really pre-dated by the discovery of magnetism by the Chinese which was first noted in a book from the Song Dynasty. However, the first suspended magnetic needle compass was written of by Shen Kuo in his book of AD 1088. The wet Compass was the most used. Eventually the Dry Compass took shape but was not as well accepted by the Chinese. (The Science Forum 2007) (5) The Great Wall of China. One of the wonders of the world its construction began in 221 BC in an effort to keep Mongol invaders out. The Sui Emperor Yang Di began the reconstruction and repairs of the wall around the 600’s AD. Hundreds of thousands of laborers were used to do the work. As some perished they were buried where they fell and remain in the wall. It is the biggest man made structure on earth and is said to be the only one visible from space. However, upon going to the NASA web site (www. nasa. gov/vision/space/workinginspace/great_wall. html) you will find some contradiction to that story. Only from low level orbit can it be made out to the unaided eye. (6) Cast Iron. In the 4th century BCE due to the prior discovery of refractory clays to allow for construction of a blast furnace that could handle the heat required to melt down iron the Chinese were able to pour and mold cast iron. That along with the use of phosphorus to reduce the heat required using coal as the fuel. With the development of annealing ploughshares, longer swords, and buildings were also using iron in their construction. (Asiasociety. Org). (7) Row Crop Planting 6th Century BC. 200 years before the western world adapted this practice the Chinese were growing stronger crops much faster than previously done by planting in rows. This process allows for greater access to the plant for watering, weeding, and harvesting along with greater protection for the plant from the elements. This practice is still used today as it still remains the perfect way to grow and harvest. (8) Deep Drilling. Around the 1st C entury BC the technology to drill deep bore holes using equipment that would be recognizable today. They used Derricks that towered has high as 180 feet and could reach depths of 4800 feet. They captured natural gas in bamboo tubes to use as fuel for evaporating water by boiling brine to produce salt. There is also evidence that they may have burned it in lanterns for light. It wasn’t until the 1800’s before western nations adapted the use of deep drilling. (9) Porcelain. To this day Chinese porcelain is prized by all cultures. The process of using materials such as glass and mineral compounds in a kiln at high heat. Invented during the Sui Dynasty and perfected in the Tang Dynasty most notably by Tao-yue (c. 08 – c. 678). By the time the Sung Dynasty it reached its peak around the 10th century. It wasn’t until over 500 years later the monopoly was broken by a German Physicist Tschirnhausen who invented European porcelain. Generally speaking most scholars believe the 1st four I have in order are the most important contributions to humanity. Although the greatest written works of man may have eventually reached the pages of a book using other materials other than paper. And printing hadn’t been created when it was following paper by the Chinese. Take the time to consider the Chinese were hundreds of years or more ahead of the west so think how many works would have been lost if man continued to carve in wood and write on cloth. And of course Gun Powder which led to fireworks and firearms. And lastly the compass so one can find their way home at the end of the fireworks show. I think the greatest invention from the Chinese is their diverse culture. China is one of the four ancient civilizations (alongside Babylon, India, and Egypt) with 3600 years of written history. Out of the nine I have chosen Cast Iron which eventually became steel as something I couldn’t live without as I do. The Chinese invented the process but it wasn’t perfected until a British inventor names Henry Bessemer mass produced it in his facility in Sheffield, England in 1856. Steel is still produced using the process of blowing air through molten pig iron to oxidize the material to separate the impurities. Why would I choose cast iron and steel? All my life I have worked with iron and steel. I build cars and restore them by welding in new metal where old has rusted away. I build iron gates and art work with iron and steel. I have my work adorning many friends and family’s homes. The art of blacksmithing holds great interest for me. What other material on earth is so strong yet can be heated and molded into any shape. While doing research for this paper I ran into some of the writings of Shen Kuo. We have been studying the Renaissance of Italy. Shen Kuo was the Leonardo da Vinci of China. He was a mathematician, astronomer, meteorologist, geologist, zoologist, botanist, pharmacologist, agronomist, archeologist, ethnographer, cartographer, encyclopedias, general, diplomat, hydraulic engineer, inventor, academy chancellor, finance minister and it goes on. In the Song Dynasty he was the head of the bureau of astronomy in the Song court. One of the greatest Western sinologists of this century, Joseph Needham wrote â€Å"The Science and Civilization in China†. This Book is now one of the main references about Shen Kuo’s work in a western language. What this tells me is that genius is not limited to the west or east. The Renaissance was not limited to the west. Great minds are of the nature of the human race. They don’t come around that often. But every century has had a few of them since the eginning of man. And China has had their fair share dating back to the origin of what is China! References Secrets of Lost Empires (The Science Forum 2007) Bodde, Derk (1991). Chinese Thought, Society, and Science. On Shen Kuo. The Needham Research Institute (NRI), home of the Science and Civilization in China project. (www. nasa. gov/vision/space/workinginspace/great_wall. html) (The Franklin Institute, 2012). The Humanities: Cu lture, Continuity, Change: Volume 1 Second edition. How to cite Greatest Chinese Inventions, Essay examples

Molecular Biology DNA Library

Question: Discuss at least two different kinds of probes and how they can be used to screen libraries. Answer: The probes that are used to screen a DNA library are RNA or DNA fragments that detect the nucleotide sequences in a sample. One type of probe is Molecular bacons which are composed of 25 nucleotides. The five nucleotides at each end are complementary to each other and 15 nucleotides of the middle portion are complementary to the target DNA or RNA. The complementary base nucleotides with each other and the remaining 15 nucleotides bind with the target RNA or DNA. Another type of probes is Taqman probes are oligonucleotide probes with flurophore attached to its 5 end and quencher to the 3 end. The newly formed strand is synthesized by the Taq polymerase and it degrades the probe causing the flurophore to release. Thus the amount of a particular DNA template is determined from the number of flurophore released (Cui et al., 2012). References: Cui, L., Lin, X., Lin, N., Song, Y., Zhu, Z., Chen, X., Yang, C. J. (2012). Graphene oxide-protected DNA probes for multiplex microRNA analysis in complex biological samples based on a cyclic enzymatic amplification method.Chemical Communications,48(2), 194-196.