Introduction To Research - 808 Words

Introduction to Research Research is a high-hat word that scares a lot of people. It is a welcoming attitude towards change. The research state of mind can apply to anything. It is a problem-solving mind. What is Research? Research is defined as a careful, systematic study in a field of knowledge, undertaken to discover or establish facts or principles (Webster, 1984). Research is defined as a systematic process of collecting and analyzing data to find an answer to a question or a solution to a problem, to validate or test an existing theory. The Value of Research Research helps professionals by providing information to make decisions, or to perform their functions more effectively. Teachers need to know what teaching method can be used†¦show more content†¦Certain factors are â€Å"assumed† to explain or contribute to the existence of a problem or a certain condition or the variation in a given situation. The researcher usually uses a theory or a hypothesis to account for or explain the forces that are â€Å"assumed to have caused† the problem. For example, relationships between the following pairs of variables can be studied: 1. Gender Grades 2. Knowledge about cancer compliance with medical regimen 3. Educational attainment repayment status of cooperative members Intervention or Experimental Research The intervention or experimental type of research evaluates the effect or outcome of a particular intervention or treatment. It studies the â€Å"cause and effect† relationship between certain factors on a certain phenomenon under controlled conditions. The following examples of research topics fall under the explanatory or correlation category: 1. â€Å"The Effect of Different Levels of Applied Nitrogen on the growth and Yield of Rice† Experimental vs. Non-experimental Research Experimental research Treatments are given to subjects Cause-and-effect questions Non-experimental research Treatments are not given to subjects Participants are observed as they naturally exist Other Dichotomies of Research There are other classification of research: 1. Pure or Applied 2. Exploratory or Explanatory 3. Quantitative or Qualitative Pure Basic Attempts to describe an existing situation and/or explain certainShow MoreRelatedIntroduction to Research1994 Words   |  8 PagesJasmin O. Lacson, R.N., C.R.N. MODULE ONE INTRODUCTION TO THEORY 1. There are defining characteristics that determine nursing practice. Base on your clinical experience, explain the meaning of the following: 2.1 Nursing as a practice- oriented discipline Nursing as practice oriented discipline is the ability of the nurse to articulate the significance of what they do as an essential thread of contemporary health care provision. The main essence of practice oriented disciplineRead MoreIntroduction To Research1288 Words   |  6 PagesThe researcher will attempt to reach as many subjects as possible from the administrative staff of a Midwest Government Facility through dissemination of an email containing a link to an anonymous survey designed in Qualtrics. The targeted audience are office workers spending sixty percent or greater of their day at the computer workstation. Potential participants will be located by communicating with administrative department managers, Appendix A. A link to the survey will be provided in the emailRead MoreIntroduction to Research Methods1682 Words   |  7 Pagesstudents who might engage in research at some point in their studies and/or working career understanding on ââ€" ¦ the basic principles of business research ââ€" ¦ how to use research analytics in decisionmaking Course Outcomes 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Develop research questions and translate the questions into research objectives and hypotheses. Select appropriate research designs for various research objectives. Plan a survey research study. Write questionnaireRead MoreIntroduction to Basic Research1407 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION TO BASIC RESEARCH – ‘Basic research’ is a term that is widely used but with little apparent consensus on what it actually means. The term basic research usually refers to study and research on pure science that is meant to increase our scientific knowledge base. This type of research is often purely theoretical with the intent of increasing our understanding of certain phenomena or behaviour but does not seek to solve or treat these problems. Most scientists believe that a basicRead MoreIntroduction to Qualitative Research6051 Words   |  25 PagesChapter 1: INTRODUCTION TO QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS This chapter introduces the fundamental elements of qualitative research methods, beginning with a definition of qualitative of research, followed by discussion on the evolution of qualitative research methods and how it is different from quantitative research methods. Also discussed is the importance of ethical considerations when doing qualitative research. Just like all research, qualitative researchRead MoreIntroduction to Nursing Research1077 Words   |  5 PagesShortening the Wait: A Strategy to Reduce Waiting Times in the Emergency Department Introduction Emergency Department (ED) nursing is fast paced and complex in nature. Their goal is to assess quickly and prioritize the patient needs so that those with emergent needs are seen before those with urgent or non-urgent needs. Causes of ED overcrowding and lengthening wait time include, influenza season, inadequate staffing, inpatient boarding due to inadequate hospital beds and patient populationRead MoreIntroduction to Perfume Research1452 Words   |  6 PagesManufacture of Perfume Scent from Rosa Berberifolia Background of Research Why is it that women love perfumes as much as men love cars? According to (Smith and Wade, 2008) â€Å"There are studies that most of women’s reason for loving perfume is because of the pheromones their bodies produce. Often these scents or perfumes trigger the increase of how much pheromone a woman’s body will produce† (p.12) In studies carried out, nearly 80% of all women will make a perfume purchase at least each year. NotRead MoreIntroduction for Research Example3481 Words   |  14 PagesIntroduction Nowadays, technology is considered as one reason why other countries are in the highest class. Through technology people gained knowledge by discovering different things that may help for the improvement of the country. Technology is far getting farther. Technology, which began from a simple device, now becomes a high speed and multi – tasking one. This is the only way in which they cope with their various demands of their customers, clients and furthermore they do not have to wasteRead MoreResearch Proposal And Introduction Of Publix1032 Words   |  5 PagesChapter 1: Research Proposal and Introduction Section 1: Introduction to Publix Supermarket A supermarket, or grocery store is a place everyone visits at least weekly. People put their trust in the place they choose to shop. The company I choose to research is Publix Super Market Incorporated, otherwise known as Publix. They are known mainly for their outstanding customer service (Business, 2007). Publix prides themselves in, making every single store a pleasure to shop in. Their philosophy is inRead MoreLegal Research Methodology: an Introduction4861 Words   |  20 PagesIntroduction Legal researchers have always struggled to explain the nature of their activities to colleagues in other disciplines. If Becher’s (1981, p. 111) work continues to represent an accurate account of how academic lawyers are viewed by their peers they have much work still to do in this respect. He found that they were regarded as ‘not really academic †¦ arcane, distant and alien: an appendage to the academic world †¦ vociferous, untrustworthy, immoral, narrow and arrogant’. Their research

The Effects Of Drug Abuse On American Substance Abuse...

The article I reviewed was directed to the topic regarding drugs referred to as, Acceptability and Availability of Harm-Reduction Interventions for Drug Abuse in American Substance Abuse Treatment Agencies, by Harold Rosenberg and Kristina T. Phillips. The study took place at Bowling Green State University and its method was conducted as a survey. Harold Rosenberg and Kristina T. Philips developed this study to determine the acceptability and availability for several types of interventions at multiple substance abuse treatment agencies across American. The study also attempted to determine the reasons for a variety of pharamacological and nonpharmacological harm reduction intervention being unavailability at many agencies. They focused on 17 selected interventions and their outcome goals that could be used to reduce-drug related harm. In the study, the method used was a survey which was created to be an assessment questionnaire. This specific assessment was called the harm reduction attitude questionaries’ (HRAQ). The questionnaire was mailed out to 500 randomly selected substance abuse agencies located in the United States. To assure high responsive rates, any agencies that did not immediate respond received a follow up reminder post card. Among those 500 agencies, 65 of them were returned because of addresses being changed, or the agency did not wish to participate in the study. From the remaining 435, only 222 (51%) of the submitted questionnaire contained useableShow MoreRelatedWhat Is The Total Economic Burden Of Prescription Opioid Abuse?1662 Words   |  7 PagesClark American Military University Week 6 Current Event Paper 2 â€Å"The total economic burden of prescription opioid misuse alone in the United States is $78.5 billion a year, including the costs of healthcare, lost productivity, addiction treatment, and criminal justice involvement†. -The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Substance abuse disorders have been considered a major epidemic by public health authorities during this century. Most recently, those who use, and abuse opioidsRead MoreThe Health Care System As A Whole951 Words   |  4 PagesDescribe the effect of the issue/topic on the health care system as a whole. Drug abuse is an illness of the brain, and it has a negative impact on the body system. It weakens the immune system making is difficult for the body to fight diseases. Drug use also affect other organs of the body which includes the heart, liver kidney and the brain. This illness can cause paranoid, aggression, impaired judgment, hallucination and suicidal ideations. The statistics available shows that annual number ofRead More Cost of Drug Abuse on Society Essay923 Words   |  4 PagesDrug abuse is a rampant problem in the United States. Drugs can be abused in a variety of different ways by people from every walk of life. Most of us have been affected by drug abuse either directly or indirectly. Drug abusers harm themselves, as well as their families and communities. Drug abuse takes an enormous toll on our society at many levels. The cost of drug abuse on our society is astronomical, not only financially but also personally, emotionally, socially and professionally. Read MoreSubstance Abuse Affects An Estimated 25 Million Americans895 Words   |  4 PagesSubstance abuse affects an estimated 25 million Americans. This includes the individual abusing the substance, as well as others that are indirectly affected by the substance abuse, such as: friends and family of the abuser as well as people injured or killed in accidents related to substance abuse impairment. There are 16 million adults that are considered alcoholics (heavy drinkers) and almost 300,000 people under the age 18 (Mental Health America, 2015). Alcoholism relapses are common. AfterRead MoreSubstance Abuse Paper1198 Words   |  5 PagesSubstance abuse is one of the most common comorbid conditions among individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia (Schwartz et al., 2007). Previous studies have shown that nicotine, alcohol, and cannabis were the most frequently used substances in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, followed by cocaine and amphetamine. Individuals with substance use disorders have negative long-term outcomes and poorer overall quality of life. Researchers suggest that substance abuse complicates individuals withRead MorePublic Health Problem : Substance Abuse Among Nurses1024 Words   |  5 PagesPublic Health Problem: Substance Abuse Among Nurses Introduction As a healthcare professional, we are responsible for the delivery of high quality patient care. Substance abuse among nurses is an issue that threatens professional standards and can lead to poor patient outcomes (Rohma,2012). According to Healthy People 2020, an estimated 22 million Americans struggled with drug or alcohol abuse in the year 2005 (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [HHS],2013). Given that the nurses haveRead MoreThe Nations Drug Problem Essay1607 Words   |  7 PagesNations Drug Problem (United States) Over the last couple of years, there has been increased concern over the effects of drugs on the health of Americans. This is mainly due to the increased use of drugs by most citizens, which has caused the government to spend a lot of money to curb this problem. One of the most abused drugs is alcohol, and American citizens are increasingly becoming addicted to it. It is also the most undesirable drug, as it costs the government over $200 billion in terms ofRead MoreThe Abuse Affects An Estimated 25 Million Americans844 Words   |  4 PageslSubstance abuse affects an estimated 25 million Americans. This includes the individual abusing the substance as well as others that are indirectly affected by the substance abuse, such as: friends and family of the abuser as well as people injured or killed in accidents related to substance abuse impairment. There are 16 million adults who are considered alcoholics (heavy drinkers) and almost 300,000 people under the age 18 (Mental Health Ameri ca, 2015). Alcoholism relapse is common. After completingRead MoreDiagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders ( Dsm ) Defines Substance Abuse As Addiction Essay1423 Words   |  6 PagesDefinitions Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) defines substance abuse as addiction. Addiction is defined by abuse and dependence. â€Å"Abuse† is use that impairs an individual person’s ability to function. â€Å"Dependence† is physical withdraw, and centering one’s life around obtaining and using the substance (Kaye and David, 2014). Like a lot of populations those individuals who suffer from substance abuse have terms they are referred to that are offensive to them and their diseaseRead MoreBarriers And Lack Of Knowledge Regarding Substance Use And Its Effects809 Words   |  4 Pagescontributed to the lack of knowledge regarding substance use and its effects. Issues related to taboo, denial and loss of face mask understanding of the extent of the problem. Institutional barriers and lack of community infrastructure make treatment efforts difficult in serving a diverse population (Ja, 1993). In addition to the psychological barriers, other physical problems also exist. Most primary care physicians do not feel competent to treat alcohol and drug related disorders. Physicians generally

Greatest Chinese Inventions Free Essays

The Greatest Chinese Inventions Gene R. Kelsey Strayer University The ancient Chinese culture produced major inventions that some of which still are relevant and useful to our modern culture all over world even today. When an Italian merchant named Marco Polo traveled to China in during the Song Dynasty in 1271 he discovered a place so technologically advanced far greater than any Western European nation of its time. We will write a custom essay sample on Greatest Chinese Inventions or any similar topic only for you Order Now The following is a listing of 9 important inventions instrumental to our growth as modern Human Beings. It would be a technical pilgrimage for me to win this contest. I would love to visit China. (1) The Process of Paper making. Although first used as wrapping and padding for over 100 years before it became a medium for writing upon around AD 105. Paper along with printing changed the way the world documented everything from history to science and many years later paper currency. Even though our modern culture is moving away from paper it will always be used in one form or another. There is no such thing as electronic toilet paper. 2) The invention of the printing press with moveable text symbols by Bi Sheng. It was this invention that was eventually taken over to the West and used by Gutenberg for the printing of the Bible. Needless to say, this had a profound effect on the nature of knowledge and the development of literature, (The Franklin Institute). (3) Gun Powder and Fireworks. The use of gunpowder in weapons gave those with access to the technology a greater ability to protect t hemselves from enemies or to conquer and control others. It greatly affected the balance of power in many parts of the world. Whether we agree or not the invention of Gun Powder and the weapons that followed were huge game changers for Humanity. (4) The Compass which was really pre-dated by the discovery of magnetism by the Chinese which was first noted in a book from the Song Dynasty. However, the first suspended magnetic needle compass was written of by Shen Kuo in his book of AD 1088. The wet Compass was the most used. Eventually the Dry Compass took shape but was not as well accepted by the Chinese. (The Science Forum 2007) (5) The Great Wall of China. One of the wonders of the world its construction began in 221 BC in an effort to keep Mongol invaders out. The Sui Emperor Yang Di began the reconstruction and repairs of the wall around the 600’s AD. Hundreds of thousands of laborers were used to do the work. As some perished they were buried where they fell and remain in the wall. It is the biggest man made structure on earth and is said to be the only one visible from space. However, upon going to the NASA web site (www. nasa. gov/vision/space/workinginspace/great_wall. html) you will find some contradiction to that story. Only from low level orbit can it be made out to the unaided eye. (6) Cast Iron. In the 4th century BCE due to the prior discovery of refractory clays to allow for construction of a blast furnace that could handle the heat required to melt down iron the Chinese were able to pour and mold cast iron. That along with the use of phosphorus to reduce the heat required using coal as the fuel. With the development of annealing ploughshares, longer swords, and buildings were also using iron in their construction. (Asiasociety. Org). (7) Row Crop Planting 6th Century BC. 200 years before the western world adapted this practice the Chinese were growing stronger crops much faster than previously done by planting in rows. This process allows for greater access to the plant for watering, weeding, and harvesting along with greater protection for the plant from the elements. This practice is still used today as it still remains the perfect way to grow and harvest. (8) Deep Drilling. Around the 1st C entury BC the technology to drill deep bore holes using equipment that would be recognizable today. They used Derricks that towered has high as 180 feet and could reach depths of 4800 feet. They captured natural gas in bamboo tubes to use as fuel for evaporating water by boiling brine to produce salt. There is also evidence that they may have burned it in lanterns for light. It wasn’t until the 1800’s before western nations adapted the use of deep drilling. (9) Porcelain. To this day Chinese porcelain is prized by all cultures. The process of using materials such as glass and mineral compounds in a kiln at high heat. Invented during the Sui Dynasty and perfected in the Tang Dynasty most notably by Tao-yue (c. 08 – c. 678). By the time the Sung Dynasty it reached its peak around the 10th century. It wasn’t until over 500 years later the monopoly was broken by a German Physicist Tschirnhausen who invented European porcelain. Generally speaking most scholars believe the 1st four I have in order are the most important contributions to humanity. Although the greatest written works of man may have eventually reached the pages of a book using other materials other than paper. And printing hadn’t been created when it was following paper by the Chinese. Take the time to consider the Chinese were hundreds of years or more ahead of the west so think how many works would have been lost if man continued to carve in wood and write on cloth. And of course Gun Powder which led to fireworks and firearms. And lastly the compass so one can find their way home at the end of the fireworks show. I think the greatest invention from the Chinese is their diverse culture. China is one of the four ancient civilizations (alongside Babylon, India, and Egypt) with 3600 years of written history. Out of the nine I have chosen Cast Iron which eventually became steel as something I couldn’t live without as I do. The Chinese invented the process but it wasn’t perfected until a British inventor names Henry Bessemer mass produced it in his facility in Sheffield, England in 1856. Steel is still produced using the process of blowing air through molten pig iron to oxidize the material to separate the impurities. Why would I choose cast iron and steel? All my life I have worked with iron and steel. I build cars and restore them by welding in new metal where old has rusted away. I build iron gates and art work with iron and steel. I have my work adorning many friends and family’s homes. The art of blacksmithing holds great interest for me. What other material on earth is so strong yet can be heated and molded into any shape. While doing research for this paper I ran into some of the writings of Shen Kuo. We have been studying the Renaissance of Italy. Shen Kuo was the Leonardo da Vinci of China. He was a mathematician, astronomer, meteorologist, geologist, zoologist, botanist, pharmacologist, agronomist, archeologist, ethnographer, cartographer, encyclopedias, general, diplomat, hydraulic engineer, inventor, academy chancellor, finance minister and it goes on. In the Song Dynasty he was the head of the bureau of astronomy in the Song court. One of the greatest Western sinologists of this century, Joseph Needham wrote â€Å"The Science and Civilization in China†. This Book is now one of the main references about Shen Kuo’s work in a western language. What this tells me is that genius is not limited to the west or east. The Renaissance was not limited to the west. Great minds are of the nature of the human race. They don’t come around that often. But every century has had a few of them since the eginning of man. And China has had their fair share dating back to the origin of what is China! References Secrets of Lost Empires (The Science Forum 2007) Bodde, Derk (1991). Chinese Thought, Society, and Science. On Shen Kuo. The Needham Research Institute (NRI), home of the Science and Civilization in China project. (www. nasa. gov/vision/space/workinginspace/great_wall. html) (The Franklin Institute, 2012). The Humanities: Cu lture, Continuity, Change: Volume 1 Second edition. How to cite Greatest Chinese Inventions, Essay examples

Molecular Biology DNA Library

Question: Discuss at least two different kinds of probes and how they can be used to screen libraries. Answer: The probes that are used to screen a DNA library are RNA or DNA fragments that detect the nucleotide sequences in a sample. One type of probe is Molecular bacons which are composed of 25 nucleotides. The five nucleotides at each end are complementary to each other and 15 nucleotides of the middle portion are complementary to the target DNA or RNA. The complementary base nucleotides with each other and the remaining 15 nucleotides bind with the target RNA or DNA. Another type of probes is Taqman probes are oligonucleotide probes with flurophore attached to its 5 end and quencher to the 3 end. The newly formed strand is synthesized by the Taq polymerase and it degrades the probe causing the flurophore to release. Thus the amount of a particular DNA template is determined from the number of flurophore released (Cui et al., 2012). References: Cui, L., Lin, X., Lin, N., Song, Y., Zhu, Z., Chen, X., Yang, C. J. (2012). Graphene oxide-protected DNA probes for multiplex microRNA analysis in complex biological samples based on a cyclic enzymatic amplification method.Chemical Communications,48(2), 194-196.