Best Friend essays

Closest Friend expositions Do you have a genuine closest companion? I sure do. _____ is really my closest companion. She is consistently there for me. She has a deep understanding of me; even my privileged insights. I cannot keep anything from her! She is the individual who will help me when I am down, flip around my grimace, and cause me to feel better about myself. I cannot envision any better of a companion. I love her more than anything and I would bite the dust for her. Megan and I are in every case together; regardless of where we are! We go to places like the shopping center and motion pictures, to the mountains and lakes! Together we go most all over! A couple of days prior we got Pose pictures together! We generally go out on the town to shop together and she causes me choose what and what not to purchase! Together we are relentless! We additionally help each other with homework, and loved ones issues. She causes me through my hardest occasions, and is there for my best occasions. Its elusive a companion that way. You may simply have old buddies that you can rely on now and again, yet to be trustworthy on an individual and realizing they will be there for you, its elusive somebody like that. Without her I would not be as upbeat as I am currently. We have such a significant number of inside jokes that no one would comprehend except if they were there, or on the off chance that they were simply us! Not every person gets our moronic jokes, and they may believe that there youthful and infantile, however together we make them clever and receive a decent chuckle in return! Shes the sort of individual that I would never deceive. Regardless of whether I tried to mislead her, she realizes me so well; she could tell I was lying. Megan can tell if Im lying regardless of whether I am keeping a straight face! I dont know how she does it! We suspect as much similar and its like were speaking with our brains! Simultaneously were continually thinking something very similar or have a similar thought. She likewise knows every one of my appearances and how I sound when Im hyper, disappointed, discouraged, irritated, or cheerful. Shes a companion that I could and will neve ... <!

Developing People and High Performance Organizations †Free Samples

Question: Examine about the Developing People and High Performance Organizations. Answer: Presentation The Human Resources branch of any organization copies the points and destinations of the organization, and consequently, it is fundamental for the organization to care for the improvement of the Human Resources and its information for acquiring wanted achievement (Knowles et al., 2014). The achievement can be accomplished by just including the HR group in the administration and arranging movement, which is gotten from the hypotheses like conduct hypothesis, learning hypothesis, abilities and ability covered up in the representatives, and significantly more. About all the organizations and the related chiefs should know the significance of HR and ought to likewise concentrate on the learning of the HR division and train them for giving out greatest returns (Kasworm et al., 2010). HR office and it the executives aptitudes have stayed in discusses where different organizations attempt to comprehend the intricate circumstances of the human asset the board. Alongside knowing the administration complexities, they likewise have made examines, carried on examination, and are taking a shot at speculations to manage the issues (Werner and DeSimone, 2011). To comprehend the multifaceted nature of the human asset office with a reasonable view, one should know plainly what the HR are appropriately. In a word, HR incorporate people working in the association that gives an important commitment in the administration framework to achieve the objectives (Brattonand Gold, 2015). It is demonstrated that if the workers perform well on the genuine convention, oversee and perform alongside it, the association is clearly going to prevail with regards to accomplishing its objectives. Advantages of The Human Resource Development At the point when appropriate preparing and learning is given to the representatives of any organization, the presentation of the workers and the yield likewise gives wondrous outcomes. This additionally helps the association in offering awards to the specialist for the inspiration, difficult work, and commitment he has given to the association (Werner, 2014). Another approach to perceive the exhibition of the representative is through the presentation examination framework that helps in knowing the proficiency of the laborer to compensate him in like manner (Lim et al., 2013). In the event that the organization doesnt focus on the exhibition of the worker and the regions where they need, it would not have the option to accomplish wanted outcomes moreover. Thus, it is important to keep a steady watch on the aptitudes of the workers alongside their commitment and inspiration with the goal that essential arrangements and preparing projects can be set for their improvement. Execution the board has become very urgent nowadays, and consequently, it is significant for the organizations to take care of the exhibition of the representatives. The HR administrators need to keep a watch on the workers execution to furnish them with fulfilling rewards, as this would to the creation of the organization. Subsequently, giving them reward or rewards is an approach to get progressively out of the workers. It has been demonstrated through different inquires about that with the assistance of execution examinations, the organizations have developed and created as it were. Nonetheless, the evaluation has additionally prompted some severe guidelines on the organization for the workers, however it has likewise been productive for the advancement of the organization. Henceforth, the HR the executives and improvement not just incorporates the structure of the aptitudes of the representatives yet in addition helps in its turn of events, training and adapting as well (Watkins and Marsick, 2014). At the point when the organization puts resources into the preparation of any representatives through preparing projects, improvement, and learning, it works in the advancement of the organization, as it creates fruitful abilities in the worker to expand creation. One of thekey regions for improvement of workers is group learning. Group qualities and assorted variety Thought group is a typical word utilized by all the gatherings made for any reason, be that as it may, gathering and group are not similar characters. The group comprises of at least two individuals attempting to accomplish a similar objective under similar conditions (Manuti et al., 2015). A group as a rule report to one regular individual can be a director. Effective fulfillment of the undertaking is relying on execution level and the commitment of colleagues. The connection level of the group relies on the reliance of each other. Significance of group Each worker of the association some way or another relies on another representative to cooperate. No worker can work alone to accomplish wanted objectives. He needs to take the help of his collaborator to finish a task (Knowles et al., 2014). It has been seen ordinarily group yield being more proficient than the individual representative. Representatives with explicit intrigue and specialization can cooperate on a typical stage and structure a decent group. Group building is a fundamental component of association to assemble holding among workers and show signs of improvement results. Associations need results: To create income organization needs to accomplish targets. To finish the objective one needs to get the away from of the issue and needs to discover an answer for the equivalent. Nobody can separately, take choices. Notwithstanding, a great group can prompt a superior arrangement of any issue (Brattonand Gold, 2015). Set aside less effort to finish the assignment: An individual certainly needs more opportunity to finish the apportioned work. Be that as it may, on the off chance that representatives cooperate, at that point the assignment can be partitioned into a subsection. Sharing of obligation can likewise diminish work weight and weight. By allotting fill in according to the specialization of an individual can likewise create yield a lot quicker and productive (Lim et al., 2013). Work never endures: By working with the group if there should be an occurrence of a crisis colleague can offer charge to another part. This will never hamper the work. On account of nonappearance of any part, other colleagues can finish the work effectively (Christopher, 2012). Assembled sound rivalry among representatives: Competition among representatives is an extraordinary factor to propel them to work. Working in a group can assemble solid rivalry among representatives to perform superior to the next colleagues (Kasworm et al., 2010). Colleagues can pick up from one another: Everybody has various characteristics. One can generally pick up something from the other. Being in the group can assist a person with getting great characteristics and properties of other colleagues. This likewise improves people character and friends uprightness. Attributes of Team The group consistently has an unmistakable objective, which has been imparted to all. All must comprehend it appropriately (Werner, 2014). The individuals from the group ought to hear each out other and examine things to get an appropriate arrangement. Choices are fundamentally needy upon coherent yield and not most of thoughts. Group achievement depends on the colleagues and their endeavors. Colleagues should give their 100 % to accomplish the objective (Manuti et al., 2015). Access to apparatuses, specialists and gear assumes a significant job here. Quality is the best apparatus to the achievement of the association. Inspiration can help the spirit of colleagues. Gratefulness and grants can do the needful (Yeo and Marquardt, 2015). Correspondence between colleague is the stepping stool to finish extends effectively Shared trust and regard of colleague can be a positive sight toward the group. A colleague ought to tune in and see one another, view to arriving at an answer. Outside help is additionally considered an imperative guide to the fulfillment of the group (Guest, 2010). Errand Interdependency Errand interdependency sets off the predefined convention to guarantee how insights, information, and considerable data will be shared between various colleagues to achieve the shared objectives. There are three kinds of undertaking relationship in any hierarchical structure (Christopher, 2012): Pooled Interdependency: In pooled reliance, all branches of the association work freely. Divisions may not legitimately associate and rely upon one another. Every division contributes its own worth/proportions to finish the errand. Anyway various units perform totally separate capacities (Sparrow et al., 2016). Successive Interdependency: Sequential relationship is dealing with yield as info structure. As one division yield will be the contribution from different offices. Various offices cooperate in successive structure to finish the assignment. Maybe the creation procedure of any material can be the model for this (Wilton, 2016). Equal Interdependency: In an equal relationship, the division needs to make profoundly network between them. As this is to and fro process. Work regularly goes between the divisions ordinarily during the procedure. End Similarly as the job of HR the board continues changing all through the world for different reasons consistently, the exactness of the presentation evaluation of workers isn't likewise steady. Some ongoing changes in the HR the board have been found because of the emergency looked by the world, the consequences of which incorporate value rise, joblessness, defilement, privatization, and considerably more. Among the different accessible speculations, two prevalently acknowledged hypotheses for improving the HRmanagementfor the grown-ups are the group conduct hypothesis and the circumstance taking care of hypothesis. They can assume a crucial job in updating the mentors learning process. The conduct hypothesis has helped the organizations in building up the capability for such a large number of years and furthermore in showing the specialized abilities of the workers. Subsequently, a deliberate preparing program for actualizing group building, PC based learning for colleagues, and so on can help any of the organizations to advance productively. References Knowles M., Holton E., Swanson R. (2014). The Adult Learner:The Definitive Classic in Adult Education and Human Resource Development. Routledge. Recovered from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=1We2BQAAQBAJoi=f

Strategies to Avoid Smoking Again After Stopping

Strategies to Avoid Smoking Again After Stopping Addiction Nicotine Use After You Quit Print Strategies to Avoid Smoking Again After Stopping By Terry Martin facebook twitter Terry Martin quit smoking after 26 years and is now an advocate for those seeking freedom from nicotine addiction. Learn about our editorial policy Terry Martin Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Sanja Jelic, MD on January 21, 2020 Sanja Jelic, MD, is board-certified in sleep medicine, critical care medicine, pulmonary disease, and internal medicine.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Sanja Jelic, MD Updated on February 14, 2020 Seb Oliver/Getty Images More in Addiction Nicotine Use After You Quit How to Quit Smoking Nicotine Withdrawal Smoking-Related Diseases The Inside of Cigarettes Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery Most of us know someone  who had a smoking relapse years after quitting. On the surface, it is frightening  for those who are working hard to beat nicotine addiction. It feels like smoking is a nasty monster that follows us forever, waiting to pounce when were least suspecting. Thats not how it works though. Relapse never happens out of the blue, even though people often think it does. The key to lasting freedom from this addiction lies in changing your relationship to smoking. If you quit smoking by sheer willpower, believing somewhere in the back of your mind that youre making a sacrifice by doing so, youre setting the stage for eventual  relapse.   Will I Always Miss Smoking? Why People Tend to Relapse After They Stop Smoking Emotionally, we think were giving up something good when we think of making a sacrifice.  Thats the message your brain receives, and its not an accurate or healthy one. You might be able to abstain for years and years, but if you believe this lie, youll find yourself missing smoking and thinking of it as a fix when times of stress or other potential triggers come along.?? However, if you do the work necessary to change how you think about your smoking addiction, youll find your freedom and wont have to struggle to maintain it. That sounds great, but how  do you go about making that change? Key Strategies to Stop Smoking for Good Use these tips to quit smoking once and for all. Get Educated All smokers know that smoking is bad for our health. We all know that it causes emphysema, lung cancer, and many other diseases. In order to continue smoking in the face of this harsh reality, we all had ways of compartmentalizing our habit. We justify our smoking habit to alleviate our mind. Wed tell ourselves we had years before we needed to worry. Wed claim that smoking light cigarettes were better for our health than smoking regulars. Wed say that smoking disease happens to other people, not us. We had a hundred ways to rationalize smoking. Eventually, though, the smokescreen wears so thin that the scales tip in the other direction. This is usually when people decide to do the necessary work to quit. Once that happens, its time to take a good look at all of the issues surrounding smoking. Learning everything you can about the dangers as well as what to expect when you quit will go a long way toward helping you start to make a permanent change. Education is an important part of the process that will release you from this killer of an addiction. Be a sponge and soak up everything you can find about smoking/quitting. 10 Things to Stop Doing When You Quit Smoking Adjust Your Mindset and Self-Talk A good attitude helps us more than a bad attitude. Theres more to it though than just positive thinking. Truly changing your attitude when it comes to recovery from nicotine addiction involves retraining how you think. For most of us, it involves conscious effort and plenty of practice. Begin by paying close attention to the literally thousands of thoughts floating through your mind on a daily basis. Capture negative thoughts as they arise and change or retrain them on the spot. You may not believe what youre telling yourself at first but do it anyway. One of the lovely things about the way our minds work is that we tend to believe what we tell ourselves. Take advantage of that and feed yourself a steady diet of accurate information about the realities of smoking. Dont romanticize cigarettes. Remind yourself that they dont offer anything of value and are, in fact, harmful to you (as well as those around you). So, for instance, if you think something like: I may as well give up. Ive been smoke-free for months now, and I still miss smoking every now and then. Ill never be free of cigarettes. Instead, tell yourself: I need to be patient with myself. I smoked for a long time and reprogramming the hundreds of associations to smoking Ive built up doesnt happen overnight. I know that cravings are signs of healing. Or, if you think: Smoking made life more enjoyable. It relaxed me and helped me cope with stress. Instead, tell yourself: Smoking was slowly killing me. Addiction to nicotine didnt really help with stress; it actually created most of the anxiety I felt. Smoking only relieved the physical withdrawal I experienced when the nicotine level in my bloodstream dropped. Once Ive gotten through recovery, Ill be able to cope so much better without smoking than I ever did with it. Changing the way we think isnt a miracle that just happens to us. We do the work to make the changes by paying attention to errant thoughts and making appropriate adjustments. If you notice your attitude is making a shift for the worse, this is the way to pull it back into line. Be patient and allow for the time it takes to heal from this addiction. As you make your way through the first year, you will have experienced most of the situations in regular everyday life that trigger thoughts of smoking. Once faced, these triggers lose power. This all takes time and practice. You are in the drivers seat with your quit program. Our actions are always within our control. Do the work to change your relationship with smoking, and you will find the release from the need to smoke that you want so badly. What to Expect When You Quit Smoking

Introduction To Research - 808 Words

Introduction to Research Research is a high-hat word that scares a lot of people. It is a welcoming attitude towards change. The research state of mind can apply to anything. It is a problem-solving mind. What is Research? Research is defined as a careful, systematic study in a field of knowledge, undertaken to discover or establish facts or principles (Webster, 1984). Research is defined as a systematic process of collecting and analyzing data to find an answer to a question or a solution to a problem, to validate or test an existing theory. The Value of Research Research helps professionals by providing information to make decisions, or to perform their functions more effectively. Teachers need to know what teaching method can be used†¦show more content†¦Certain factors are â€Å"assumed† to explain or contribute to the existence of a problem or a certain condition or the variation in a given situation. The researcher usually uses a theory or a hypothesis to account for or explain the forces that are â€Å"assumed to have caused† the problem. For example, relationships between the following pairs of variables can be studied: 1. Gender Grades 2. Knowledge about cancer compliance with medical regimen 3. Educational attainment repayment status of cooperative members Intervention or Experimental Research The intervention or experimental type of research evaluates the effect or outcome of a particular intervention or treatment. It studies the â€Å"cause and effect† relationship between certain factors on a certain phenomenon under controlled conditions. The following examples of research topics fall under the explanatory or correlation category: 1. â€Å"The Effect of Different Levels of Applied Nitrogen on the growth and Yield of Rice† Experimental vs. Non-experimental Research Experimental research Treatments are given to subjects Cause-and-effect questions Non-experimental research Treatments are not given to subjects Participants are observed as they naturally exist Other Dichotomies of Research There are other classification of research: 1. Pure or Applied 2. Exploratory or Explanatory 3. Quantitative or Qualitative Pure Basic Attempts to describe an existing situation and/or explain certainShow MoreRelatedIntroduction to Research1994 Words   |  8 PagesJasmin O. Lacson, R.N., C.R.N. MODULE ONE INTRODUCTION TO THEORY 1. There are defining characteristics that determine nursing practice. Base on your clinical experience, explain the meaning of the following: 2.1 Nursing as a practice- oriented discipline Nursing as practice oriented discipline is the ability of the nurse to articulate the significance of what they do as an essential thread of contemporary health care provision. The main essence of practice oriented disciplineRead MoreIntroduction To Research1288 Words   |  6 PagesThe researcher will attempt to reach as many subjects as possible from the administrative staff of a Midwest Government Facility through dissemination of an email containing a link to an anonymous survey designed in Qualtrics. The targeted audience are office workers spending sixty percent or greater of their day at the computer workstation. Potential participants will be located by communicating with administrative department managers, Appendix A. A link to the survey will be provided in the emailRead MoreIntroduction to Research Methods1682 Words   |  7 Pagesstudents who might engage in research at some point in their studies and/or working career understanding on ââ€" ¦ the basic principles of business research ââ€" ¦ how to use research analytics in decisionmaking Course Outcomes 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Develop research questions and translate the questions into research objectives and hypotheses. Select appropriate research designs for various research objectives. Plan a survey research study. Write questionnaireRead MoreIntroduction to Basic Research1407 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION TO BASIC RESEARCH – ‘Basic research’ is a term that is widely used but with little apparent consensus on what it actually means. The term basic research usually refers to study and research on pure science that is meant to increase our scientific knowledge base. This type of research is often purely theoretical with the intent of increasing our understanding of certain phenomena or behaviour but does not seek to solve or treat these problems. Most scientists believe that a basicRead MoreIntroduction to Qualitative Research6051 Words   |  25 PagesChapter 1: INTRODUCTION TO QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS This chapter introduces the fundamental elements of qualitative research methods, beginning with a definition of qualitative of research, followed by discussion on the evolution of qualitative research methods and how it is different from quantitative research methods. Also discussed is the importance of ethical considerations when doing qualitative research. Just like all research, qualitative researchRead MoreIntroduction to Nursing Research1077 Words   |  5 PagesShortening the Wait: A Strategy to Reduce Waiting Times in the Emergency Department Introduction Emergency Department (ED) nursing is fast paced and complex in nature. 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NotRead MoreIntroduction for Research Example3481 Words   |  14 PagesIntroduction Nowadays, technology is considered as one reason why other countries are in the highest class. Through technology people gained knowledge by discovering different things that may help for the improvement of the country. Technology is far getting farther. Technology, which began from a simple device, now becomes a high speed and multi – tasking one. This is the only way in which they cope with their various demands of their customers, clients and furthermore they do not have to wasteRead MoreResearch Proposal And Introduction Of Publix1032 Words   |  5 PagesChapter 1: Research Proposal and Introduction Section 1: Introduction to Publix Supermarket A supermarket, or grocery store is a place everyone visits at least weekly. People put their trust in the place they choose to shop. The company I choose to research is Publix Super Market Incorporated, otherwise known as Publix. They are known mainly for their outstanding customer service (Business, 2007). Publix prides themselves in, making every single store a pleasure to shop in. Their philosophy is inRead MoreLegal Research Methodology: an Introduction4861 Words   |  20 PagesIntroduction Legal researchers have always struggled to explain the nature of their activities to colleagues in other disciplines. If Becher’s (1981, p. 111) work continues to represent an accurate account of how academic lawyers are viewed by their peers they have much work still to do in this respect. He found that they were regarded as ‘not really academic †¦ arcane, distant and alien: an appendage to the academic world †¦ vociferous, untrustworthy, immoral, narrow and arrogant’. Their research

The Effects Of Drug Abuse On American Substance Abuse...

The article I reviewed was directed to the topic regarding drugs referred to as, Acceptability and Availability of Harm-Reduction Interventions for Drug Abuse in American Substance Abuse Treatment Agencies, by Harold Rosenberg and Kristina T. Phillips. The study took place at Bowling Green State University and its method was conducted as a survey. Harold Rosenberg and Kristina T. Philips developed this study to determine the acceptability and availability for several types of interventions at multiple substance abuse treatment agencies across American. The study also attempted to determine the reasons for a variety of pharamacological and nonpharmacological harm reduction intervention being unavailability at many agencies. They focused on 17 selected interventions and their outcome goals that could be used to reduce-drug related harm. In the study, the method used was a survey which was created to be an assessment questionnaire. This specific assessment was called the harm reduction attitude questionaries’ (HRAQ). The questionnaire was mailed out to 500 randomly selected substance abuse agencies located in the United States. To assure high responsive rates, any agencies that did not immediate respond received a follow up reminder post card. Among those 500 agencies, 65 of them were returned because of addresses being changed, or the agency did not wish to participate in the study. From the remaining 435, only 222 (51%) of the submitted questionnaire contained useableShow MoreRelatedWhat Is The Total Economic Burden Of Prescription Opioid Abuse?1662 Words   |  7 PagesClark American Military University Week 6 Current Event Paper 2 â€Å"The total economic burden of prescription opioid misuse alone in the United States is $78.5 billion a year, including the costs of healthcare, lost productivity, addiction treatment, and criminal justice involvement†. -The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Substance abuse disorders have been considered a major epidemic by public health authorities during this century. Most recently, those who use, and abuse opioidsRead MoreThe Health Care System As A Whole951 Words   |  4 PagesDescribe the effect of the issue/topic on the health care system as a whole. Drug abuse is an illness of the brain, and it has a negative impact on the body system. It weakens the immune system making is difficult for the body to fight diseases. Drug use also affect other organs of the body which includes the heart, liver kidney and the brain. This illness can cause paranoid, aggression, impaired judgment, hallucination and suicidal ideations. The statistics available shows that annual number ofRead More Cost of Drug Abuse on Society Essay923 Words   |  4 PagesDrug abuse is a rampant problem in the United States. Drugs can be abused in a variety of different ways by people from every walk of life. Most of us have been affected by drug abuse either directly or indirectly. Drug abusers harm themselves, as well as their families and communities. Drug abuse takes an enormous toll on our society at many levels. The cost of drug abuse on our society is astronomical, not only financially but also personally, emotionally, socially and professionally. Read MoreSubstance Abuse Affects An Estimated 25 Million Americans895 Words   |  4 PagesSubstance abuse affects an estimated 25 million Americans. This includes the individual abusing the substance, as well as others that are indirectly affected by the substance abuse, such as: friends and family of the abuser as well as people injured or killed in accidents related to substance abuse impairment. There are 16 million adults that are considered alcoholics (heavy drinkers) and almost 300,000 people under the age 18 (Mental Health America, 2015). Alcoholism relapses are common. AfterRead MoreSubstance Abuse Paper1198 Words   |  5 PagesSubstance abuse is one of the most common comorbid conditions among individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia (Schwartz et al., 2007). Previous studies have shown that nicotine, alcohol, and cannabis were the most frequently used substances in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, followed by cocaine and amphetamine. Individuals with substance use disorders have negative long-term outcomes and poorer overall quality of life. Researchers suggest that substance abuse complicates individuals withRead MorePublic Health Problem : Substance Abuse Among Nurses1024 Words   |  5 PagesPublic Health Problem: Substance Abuse Among Nurses Introduction As a healthcare professional, we are responsible for the delivery of high quality patient care. Substance abuse among nurses is an issue that threatens professional standards and can lead to poor patient outcomes (Rohma,2012). According to Healthy People 2020, an estimated 22 million Americans struggled with drug or alcohol abuse in the year 2005 (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [HHS],2013). Given that the nurses haveRead MoreThe Nations Drug Problem Essay1607 Words   |  7 PagesNations Drug Problem (United States) Over the last couple of years, there has been increased concern over the effects of drugs on the health of Americans. This is mainly due to the increased use of drugs by most citizens, which has caused the government to spend a lot of money to curb this problem. One of the most abused drugs is alcohol, and American citizens are increasingly becoming addicted to it. It is also the most undesirable drug, as it costs the government over $200 billion in terms ofRead MoreThe Abuse Affects An Estimated 25 Million Americans844 Words   |  4 PageslSubstance abuse affects an estimated 25 million Americans. This includes the individual abusing the substance as well as others that are indirectly affected by the substance abuse, such as: friends and family of the abuser as well as people injured or killed in accidents related to substance abuse impairment. There are 16 million adults who are considered alcoholics (heavy drinkers) and almost 300,000 people under the age 18 (Mental Health Ameri ca, 2015). Alcoholism relapse is common. 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Institutional barriers and lack of community infrastructure make treatment efforts difficult in serving a diverse population (Ja, 1993). In addition to the psychological barriers, other physical problems also exist. Most primary care physicians do not feel competent to treat alcohol and drug related disorders. Physicians generally

Greatest Chinese Inventions Free Essays

The Greatest Chinese Inventions Gene R. Kelsey Strayer University The ancient Chinese culture produced major inventions that some of which still are relevant and useful to our modern culture all over world even today. When an Italian merchant named Marco Polo traveled to China in during the Song Dynasty in 1271 he discovered a place so technologically advanced far greater than any Western European nation of its time. We will write a custom essay sample on Greatest Chinese Inventions or any similar topic only for you Order Now The following is a listing of 9 important inventions instrumental to our growth as modern Human Beings. It would be a technical pilgrimage for me to win this contest. I would love to visit China. (1) The Process of Paper making. Although first used as wrapping and padding for over 100 years before it became a medium for writing upon around AD 105. Paper along with printing changed the way the world documented everything from history to science and many years later paper currency. Even though our modern culture is moving away from paper it will always be used in one form or another. There is no such thing as electronic toilet paper. 2) The invention of the printing press with moveable text symbols by Bi Sheng. It was this invention that was eventually taken over to the West and used by Gutenberg for the printing of the Bible. Needless to say, this had a profound effect on the nature of knowledge and the development of literature, (The Franklin Institute). (3) Gun Powder and Fireworks. The use of gunpowder in weapons gave those with access to the technology a greater ability to protect t hemselves from enemies or to conquer and control others. It greatly affected the balance of power in many parts of the world. Whether we agree or not the invention of Gun Powder and the weapons that followed were huge game changers for Humanity. (4) The Compass which was really pre-dated by the discovery of magnetism by the Chinese which was first noted in a book from the Song Dynasty. However, the first suspended magnetic needle compass was written of by Shen Kuo in his book of AD 1088. The wet Compass was the most used. Eventually the Dry Compass took shape but was not as well accepted by the Chinese. (The Science Forum 2007) (5) The Great Wall of China. One of the wonders of the world its construction began in 221 BC in an effort to keep Mongol invaders out. The Sui Emperor Yang Di began the reconstruction and repairs of the wall around the 600’s AD. Hundreds of thousands of laborers were used to do the work. As some perished they were buried where they fell and remain in the wall. It is the biggest man made structure on earth and is said to be the only one visible from space. However, upon going to the NASA web site (www. nasa. gov/vision/space/workinginspace/great_wall. html) you will find some contradiction to that story. Only from low level orbit can it be made out to the unaided eye. (6) Cast Iron. In the 4th century BCE due to the prior discovery of refractory clays to allow for construction of a blast furnace that could handle the heat required to melt down iron the Chinese were able to pour and mold cast iron. That along with the use of phosphorus to reduce the heat required using coal as the fuel. With the development of annealing ploughshares, longer swords, and buildings were also using iron in their construction. (Asiasociety. Org). (7) Row Crop Planting 6th Century BC. 200 years before the western world adapted this practice the Chinese were growing stronger crops much faster than previously done by planting in rows. This process allows for greater access to the plant for watering, weeding, and harvesting along with greater protection for the plant from the elements. This practice is still used today as it still remains the perfect way to grow and harvest. (8) Deep Drilling. Around the 1st C entury BC the technology to drill deep bore holes using equipment that would be recognizable today. They used Derricks that towered has high as 180 feet and could reach depths of 4800 feet. They captured natural gas in bamboo tubes to use as fuel for evaporating water by boiling brine to produce salt. There is also evidence that they may have burned it in lanterns for light. It wasn’t until the 1800’s before western nations adapted the use of deep drilling. (9) Porcelain. To this day Chinese porcelain is prized by all cultures. The process of using materials such as glass and mineral compounds in a kiln at high heat. Invented during the Sui Dynasty and perfected in the Tang Dynasty most notably by Tao-yue (c. 08 – c. 678). By the time the Sung Dynasty it reached its peak around the 10th century. It wasn’t until over 500 years later the monopoly was broken by a German Physicist Tschirnhausen who invented European porcelain. Generally speaking most scholars believe the 1st four I have in order are the most important contributions to humanity. Although the greatest written works of man may have eventually reached the pages of a book using other materials other than paper. And printing hadn’t been created when it was following paper by the Chinese. Take the time to consider the Chinese were hundreds of years or more ahead of the west so think how many works would have been lost if man continued to carve in wood and write on cloth. And of course Gun Powder which led to fireworks and firearms. And lastly the compass so one can find their way home at the end of the fireworks show. I think the greatest invention from the Chinese is their diverse culture. China is one of the four ancient civilizations (alongside Babylon, India, and Egypt) with 3600 years of written history. Out of the nine I have chosen Cast Iron which eventually became steel as something I couldn’t live without as I do. The Chinese invented the process but it wasn’t perfected until a British inventor names Henry Bessemer mass produced it in his facility in Sheffield, England in 1856. Steel is still produced using the process of blowing air through molten pig iron to oxidize the material to separate the impurities. Why would I choose cast iron and steel? All my life I have worked with iron and steel. I build cars and restore them by welding in new metal where old has rusted away. I build iron gates and art work with iron and steel. I have my work adorning many friends and family’s homes. The art of blacksmithing holds great interest for me. What other material on earth is so strong yet can be heated and molded into any shape. While doing research for this paper I ran into some of the writings of Shen Kuo. We have been studying the Renaissance of Italy. Shen Kuo was the Leonardo da Vinci of China. He was a mathematician, astronomer, meteorologist, geologist, zoologist, botanist, pharmacologist, agronomist, archeologist, ethnographer, cartographer, encyclopedias, general, diplomat, hydraulic engineer, inventor, academy chancellor, finance minister and it goes on. In the Song Dynasty he was the head of the bureau of astronomy in the Song court. One of the greatest Western sinologists of this century, Joseph Needham wrote â€Å"The Science and Civilization in China†. This Book is now one of the main references about Shen Kuo’s work in a western language. What this tells me is that genius is not limited to the west or east. The Renaissance was not limited to the west. Great minds are of the nature of the human race. They don’t come around that often. But every century has had a few of them since the eginning of man. And China has had their fair share dating back to the origin of what is China! References Secrets of Lost Empires (The Science Forum 2007) Bodde, Derk (1991). Chinese Thought, Society, and Science. On Shen Kuo. The Needham Research Institute (NRI), home of the Science and Civilization in China project. (www. nasa. gov/vision/space/workinginspace/great_wall. html) (The Franklin Institute, 2012). The Humanities: Cu lture, Continuity, Change: Volume 1 Second edition. How to cite Greatest Chinese Inventions, Essay examples

Molecular Biology DNA Library

Question: Discuss at least two different kinds of probes and how they can be used to screen libraries. Answer: The probes that are used to screen a DNA library are RNA or DNA fragments that detect the nucleotide sequences in a sample. One type of probe is Molecular bacons which are composed of 25 nucleotides. The five nucleotides at each end are complementary to each other and 15 nucleotides of the middle portion are complementary to the target DNA or RNA. The complementary base nucleotides with each other and the remaining 15 nucleotides bind with the target RNA or DNA. Another type of probes is Taqman probes are oligonucleotide probes with flurophore attached to its 5 end and quencher to the 3 end. The newly formed strand is synthesized by the Taq polymerase and it degrades the probe causing the flurophore to release. Thus the amount of a particular DNA template is determined from the number of flurophore released (Cui et al., 2012). References: Cui, L., Lin, X., Lin, N., Song, Y., Zhu, Z., Chen, X., Yang, C. J. (2012). Graphene oxide-protected DNA probes for multiplex microRNA analysis in complex biological samples based on a cyclic enzymatic amplification method.Chemical Communications,48(2), 194-196.

Explain The Views Of Locke Essays - Political Philosophy, Rights

Explain The Views Of Locke INTRODUCTION The life-blood of philosophy is argument and counter-argument. Plato and Aristotle thought of this as what they called dialectic discussion. D. W. Hamlyn JOHN LOCKE (1632-1704) Locke was the first of the British empiricists who held that our concepts and our knowledge are based on experience. He forms his system of knowledge with empiricist idioms, namely: all knowledge comes to us through experience. No mans knowledge here can go beyond his experience. There is no such thing as innate ideas; there is no such thing as moral precepts; we are born with an empty mind, with a soft tablet ready to be written upon by experimental impressions. Locke was a believer in God; he accepted the cosmological argument of God as a first cause. Our mere existence proved to Locke that there existed a God, nothing short of an eternal, all powerful, and all knowing Being could possibly have been responsible for the existence of man. It may be, however, that he was not prepared to accept it all in quite this literal way. In his First treatise of Government, for example, he writes: And therefore I doubt not, but before these words are pronounced, if they must be understood literally to have been spoken . He is here referring to Genesis 28:29 at the point at which God confronts Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden: And God said unto them. Be fruitful and multiply and replenish the earth, and subdue it; and have dominion over the fish of the sea, and the fowl of the air, and over every living thing that moveth upon the earth. This may be an indication that, although a devout Christian, he often wrote for those with a faith more simple than his own. The overall aim of the first treatise was to assert the claim that kings did not rule with arbitrary power, nor by right of inheritance in a direct line from Adam. Filmer claimed that God gave Adam dominion over the earth and all other creatures; Locke that God gave the earth to Adam and all his descendants, who were all entitled to a share in its bounty, providing they earned their bread by the sweat of their brows and laboured to make the world even more fruitful. The basis for understanding Locke is that he sees all people as having natural God given rights. As Gods creations, this denotes a certain equality, at least in an abstract sense. This religious back drop acts as the foundation for all of Lockes theories, including his theories of individuality, private property, and the state. He believed that humans were autonomous individuals who, although lived in a social setting, could not be articulated as a herd or social animal. Locke believed a person to stand for, a thinking, intelligent being, that has reason and reflection, and can consider itself as itself, the same thinking thing in different times and places, which it only does by that consciousness which is inseparable from thinking. This ability to reflect, think, and reason intelligibly is one of the many gifts from God and is that gift which separates us from the realm of the beast. The ability to reason and reflect acts as an explanation for individuality. All reason and reflect ion is based on personal experience and reference. In the state of nature, man has a natural liberty to order their actions and dispose of their possessions and persons as they think fit.... (II:4). Such freedom is not freedom to do anything at all; it is freedom to do anything that does not break the law of nature. Freedom in society, Locke argued, can only exist where people act socially. I can only be free if I respect your freedom and vice versa and if we both respect the law of nature. Locke believed that the state of nature would be peaceful, overall. Such a view is the opposite of that expressed by Hobbes in Leviathan (1651). That book holds that in a state of nature people would live in anarchy, violence and a selfish pursuit of their own ends, that men act out of passion, not from motives based on reason and justice. Locke's theory that

air force history essays

air force history essays 1- The position of Chief Master Sergeants of the Air Force occupies the top enlisted grade, and has great responsibility and prestige in the Air Force. The objective of this background paper is to inform on the career progression, awards, and decorations of the former Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force Thomas N. Barnes. In the first main point, I will trace the former CMSAF military career from Non-Commissioned Officer to Senior Non-Commissioned Officer Tier. Secondly, I will discuss the major awards and decorations of former CMSAF Thomas N. Barnes. CMSAF Thomas N. Barnes has been a significant figure in the development of Air Force History. 2- In April 1949 Chief Barnes entered the U.S. Air Force, and received his basic training at Lackland Air Force Base, Texas. After completing basic training, he attended Aircraft and Engine School and Hydraulic Specialist School at Chanute Technical Training Center, Illinois. During this time period the Soviet had controlled East Germany came into existence as the German Democratic Republic. In October 1950, he was assigned to the fourth Troop Carrier Squadron of the 62nd Troop Carrier Group at McChord Air Force Base, Washington. This was in the period when the Air Force had spent much of the 1950s training and equipping itself for a nuclear conflict. In September 1951, he transferred to Tachikawa, Japan, and continued flight engineer duties. Chief Barnes transferred in June 1952 to the 30th Air Transport Squadron, Westover Air Force Base, Mass., where he attended C-118 school and continued his flight engineer duties in that aircraft. In September 1965, he went to Fairchild Air Force Base, Wash., and continued duties as senior controller. In October 1966 he entered the F-4 Field Training Detachment at George Air Force Base, Calif., and in December 1966 went to Southeast Asia. In addition, during this time there was an extended debate resulted in the defeat of a major civil ...

Benefits of Exercise Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Benefits of Exercise - Research Paper Example In this essay, the various types of exercise and their effects on health will be discussed. Types of exercise There are different types of exercise and these can be categorized into 3 groups based on their intensity. They are the light exercise, moderate exercise and vigorous exercise. During light exercise, it is possible for the exerciser to talk. Walking is an example of light exercise. In moderate exercise, there is mild feeling of out of breath for the exerciser. Examples of moderate exercise include brisk walking, walking uphill and moderate cycling. During vigorous exercise, the exerciser experiences panting. Examples of this type of exercise include fast cycling, running and heavy weight training (Christian, Medical NewsToday). There are 2 types of exercise and they are aerobic and anaerobic exercises. In aerobic exercise, the aim of the exercise is to increase the oxygen consumption of the body. The exercises are usually of moderate intensity and involve large muscle groups. It involves warming up and exercise for 20 minutes, followed by cooling down. A simple example for aerobic exercise is running for 20 minutes and playing badminton for 30 minutes. On the other hand, in anaerobic exercise, the muscles are exercised at high intensities for short durations, which are less than 2 minutes. Oxygen is not used during these exercises and hence they use fewer calories than aerobic exercises (Christian, Medical NewsToday). Benefits of exercise on general health Benefits of aerobic exercise include, strengthening of respiratory muscles, thus facilitating improved inflow and outflow of air from the lungs, strengthening and enlargement of the heart muscle, thus causing lowering of heart rate during resting, toning of muscles, reduction in blood pressure, improvement in blood circulation, increase in the number of red blood cells, improvement in the quality of sleep and improvement in mental health. Other benefits include decrease in diseases like migraine, decr ease in the risk of heart disease and other cardiovascular diseases, improvement in survival rates in those with already established heart disease, stimulation of bone growth, thereby reducing the risk of osteoporosis, increase in stamina and endurance, increased ability to store fat and glycogen within muscles, increased blood flow through muscles, increased ability of the muscles to use fats during exercise, thus enhancing preservation of intramuscular glycogen. Benefits of anaerobic exercises include increase in the strength and power of muscles. They also help in strengthening of bones, protection of joints and control of body weight. Examples of anaerobic exercises are sprinting, weight lifting, interval training, intensive and fast skipping, isometrics and rapid burst of hard exercise (Christian, Medical NewsToday). There are some exercises which include a combination of muscle strengthening, stretching and balancing. A good example of such combination exercise is Yoga. Most e xperts agree that stretching itself is a good form of exercise. Yoga improves balance, movements, posture and flexibility (Christian, Medical NewsToday). The best health effect of exercise is prevention and treatment of obesity. Obesity is prevalent all over the world, particularly in the developed nations. Approximately 7% of the estimated current world population is obese (Uwaifo, Emedicine). Obesity affects all races. It is prevalent equally in both the

GLUT4 glucose transporter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

GLUT4 glucose transporter - Essay Example The generalised form of this reaction is written as follows There are three types of sugar transporters that carry sugars across the plasma membrane in to the cells. First are the energy independent facilitated diffusion transporters such as the glucose transporters family(GLUT) of hexose transporters seen in yeast and in mammalian cells. These proteins are encoded by SLC2A genes(solute carriers 2A). Second are the energy dependent transporters for example sodium dependent glucose transporters(SGLT) encoded by SLC5A genes in the intestine and in kidney epithelial cells. The third type of transporters couple ATP dependent phosphorylation with sugar import and are seen in bacteria. This family of glucose transporters were first discovered in yeast where 18 genes have been identified. Humans have 14 GLUT homologs. All of the yeast glucose transporters are of the same size(40-55 Kilodaltons) and have similar structures containing 12 membrane spanning domains. These domains form a barrel with a small pore for the sugar to pass through. The only "sugar transport signatures" are a few widely scattered glycine and tryptophan residues and one PET tri-peptide sequence The elevated levels of blood sugar and amino acids that occur following a meal signal pancreatic beta cells to release insulin into the bloodstream. Once in the vascular system, circulating insulin markedly enhances glucose transport into skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, the peripheral sites responsible for the majority of postprandial glucose disposal. In response to insulin, glucose enters muscle and fat cells through aqueous pores formed by the glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) protein. GLUT4 is the fourth of 13 members of a family of facilitative sugar transporters and is the only iso-form that is widely accepted as being insulin-responsive. Like other GLUT family members, GLUT4 is a 12 trans-membrane protein; unlike most other isofoms, GLUT4 is predominantly localized to intracellular compartments in the basal state. Activation of the insulin receptor triggers a large increase in the rate of GLUT4 vesicle exocytosis and a concomitant decrease in the rate of endocytosis. This insulin-dependent shift in GLUT4 vesicle trafficking results in a net increase of GLUT4 protein at the cell surface, thus allowing glucose to enter target cells. Once

Incorporating Theory And Practice To Achieve Competency Nursing Essay

Incorporating Theory And Practice To Achieve Competency Nursing Essay Dewey (1938) stated that all genuine education comes through experience. Certainly, in practice-based professions such as the health care professions, clinical experience should be the basis for learning. To extract learning from experience, we need to create meaning from our experiences as we interact with and react to, them. We cannot allow any experience to be taken for granted; once we do so, actions become routine and habitual, we stop noticing and enter into a rut (Stuart 2007). Critically discuss this quotation by focusing on the complexity of learning in practice, the complexity of supervisory process and the end goal of creating a competent practitioner. Table of Contents Introduction John Dewey, one of the paramount philosophers and educational theorists of this century, wrote the book Experience and Education, more than 70 years ago, toward the end of his career. The book is based on the principle that all genuine education comes about through experience. Are his ideas relevant to nursing education in this day and age? Can we develop a theory for learning in our workplace? Are all experiences educative? Should clinical experience be the basic of learning? The following assignment shall use these questions as the basis of critical discussion about the complexity of learning and supervising and the formation of competent practitioners. The Maltese Code of Ethics for Nurses and Midwives (1997) seeks to promote the highest level of care delivered by nurses and midwives to their patients. This goal can only be achieved in the nursing profession, by the confluence of the two segments of health care; science and art. It was Florence Nightingale who created the art and science model of professional nursing practice and entrusted it to future generations. Nursing as a science and a profession is characterized by a close relationship between theory and practice (Papastavrou, Lambrinau, Tsangari, Saarikoski, Lieno-Kilpi, 2010), which involves the technological and research aspect of patient care. Conversely, the art of nursing is a more holistic view and takes into account all the patients mental, physical and spiritual needs. Hence, competent professional practice requires educational theoretical knowledge, as well as knowledge gained through hands on experience. Clinical experience and learning in practice Dewey (1998) argued that all genuine education comes about through experience. If Deweys statement is accurate, then why is the number of students attending universities increasing year after year? Why youths do not find employment instead of going to universities if the essential education can be gained directly through work experience? Is it feasible to allocate students in a ward, without any background knowledge about nursing? It is a fact that the knowledge base of nursing can be found in books, journals, and media and in handbooks of practice. On the other hand, Handal and Lauvas (1983) argued that a different component of practical theories is the transmitted knowledge and understanding communicated by others. This is because we pick up others knowledge and understanding together with our own experiences. Bonwell James (1991) stated that research consistently has shown that traditional lecture methods, in which lecturers talk and students listen, dominate university classroom s. Rolfe (1998) added that although this kind of knowledge forms the foundation of the science in nursing, nurses also need to have knowledge about themselves, their own clinical practice and their individual patients, if ever nursing has to become holistic and patient centered rather than disease focused. YourDictionory.com (2010) defines experience as an activity that includes training, observation of practice, and personal participation. Therefore, experience offers opportunities to the student to live through alternative ways of approaching the practice setting. However, nursing procedures, which may initially be taught in university clinical skills laboratories, require more varied and complex skills than can be taught in classrooms. It is not sufficient for a student to learn, for example, aseptic techniques, by reading a book, attending a lecture, or performing a skill in the lab where the environment and role model are perfectly controlled. Although knowledge learnt in the lecture rooms is essential as basic information, performing the skill in real life is something different altogether. For instance, when considering aseptic technique, a student on the wards can actually observe the wound, any odour or exudates, and assess pain whilst answering patient questions. Moreover, Po lanyi (1967) argued that much of the knowledge which inheres in human skill is tacit, and can only be learnt by observation. Thus clinical practice is a combination of practice of skills, the use of tacit knowledge, the use of knowledge about the skill and the use of knowledge of the field of practice (Jarvis, 1992). Besides, Nightingale (1893) as cited by Alliggod and Marrier-Tommey (2006) believed that nursing education should be a combination of both clinical and classroom experience. She states that Neither can it (nursing) be taught in lectures or by books (alone) although these are valuable accessories, if used as such: otherwise what is in the book stays in the book (p.24). In addition, Dewey (1998) further argued that experience alone, even educative is not enough. To a certain extent, it is the meaning that one perceives in and then constructs from an experience that gives the experience value. Consequently, this leads to the role of reflection, where its function is to make meaning out of our experiences. Loughran (2002) acknowledged that reflection is continually emerging as a suggested way of helping practitioners better understand what they know and do, as they develop their knowledge of practice through reassessing what they learn in practice. Moreover, Schon (1983) emphasis that reflection is a way in which professionals can bridge the theory practice gap, based on the potential of reflection to encourage knowledge in and on action. Since reflection facilitates discussion, it promotes the concept of shared learning. Furthermore, Schon (1987) acknowledged that when clinicians are trained to make their knowing in action clear, they can inevitably use this awareness to enliven and change their practice. However, one can argue that reflection is not a natural state or known without someone introducing it, but as Schon stated these systematic processes need to be guided experiences so that practitioners can derive the best possible outcomes from them. On the other hand, Crathern (2001) asserts that once reflective skill is mastered it will not leave the person. Thus clinical supervisors should help and guide students to develop and engage in the process of reflection as a means of deriving knowledge from their clinical experience. The complexity of learning in practice Antonacopoulou (2006) declared that learning is a process as well as a product, a cause, a consequence and context in which life and work patterns are achieved, and in turn organise learning. People have been trying to understand learning for over 2000 years. However, everyone has a different suggestion how to approach learning. Some might argue that learning is an increase in knowledge, that it is memorizing, or that it is acquiring facts or procedures that are to be used. Others may say that learning is making sense or understanding the reality. On the other hand, learning theorists have provided us with a set of ideas about how people learn, to facilitate practical implications for teaching (Darling-Hammond, Rosso, Austin, Orcutt, Martin, 2001). Yet, one must keep in mind that students practice experience is one of the most important aspects of their preparation for registration. Bransford (2000) affirmed that research has found that the brain plays a role in learning. Thus we cannot assume that all students learn in the same way. One must keep in mind that different students have different needs, and the concept that one size fits all is inaccurate. Additionally, if teaching methods do not match a students strength or learning style this may affect learning and behaviour. Mentors should primarily assist students to integrate into the practice setting while continuously providing ongoing support. Through observation, interaction and discovering a students interests, mentors can determine which learning styles would best facilitate the learning process. Novice students require an approach that is supportive, facilitative and structured, where careful monitoring, observation, demonstration and teaching are essential (Benner 1987). Alternatively, more advanced students need to be empowered to provide reflective holistic care. However, communication and an effect ive working relationship is the key to success (Chan, 2002; Papp, Markkanen, von Bonsdroff, 2003; Saarikoski Leino-Kilpi, 2002; Berggren, Barbosa da Silva, Severinsson, 2005). Learning is also based on the associations or connections we make. According to the learning theorist Jean Piaget accessing prior knowledge is how we make sense of the world. We attempt to take new information and fit it into existing knowledge in order to create a schema, or mental map that fits into a specific category. This makes the information more accessible because it is more memorable. On the other hand, workplace learning is of central importance and a crucially important site for learning. Nevertheless, students need to have theoretical background knowledge before working in a ward in order to be more motivated. Additionally, Burns and Peterson (2005) acknowledged that having a good role model is beneficial for the students. However, researchers found that sometimes mentors act as poor role models, where students alleged that they have observed malpractice practice in the clinical area (Rungapadichy, Mandill, Gough, 2004). Consequently, the key to successful practice learn ing lies in the level of support and guidance that students receive from mentors (Block, Claffey, Korow, McCaffrey, 2005 Jones, Walters, Akehurst, 2001) and other healthcare professionals. Gone are the days where students only require friendly or emotional support in practice settings. Besides, they also demand and deserve good quality, appropriately delivered practice learning that challenges the professionals delivering it and develops practice based on theoretical principles (Andrews, 2007). One of Jarvis points is that professionals also learn in situations with routine actions, because they are able to ask questions both about their actions and the attitudes behind them. Along these lines, they are able to regenerate disjuncture (Jarvis, 1999). Yet, can ritualism deteriorate into alienation, where skills will be performed without meaning? Thus it is important to discuss with the students what they want to learn and express their decisions in the form of learning objectives. The sequence of learning tasks should be moved from simple to complex and adequate guidelines and feedback (Darling 1985, Elliott Higgs, 2005) should be incorporated, so that the key points of learning are reinforced. Hammnond, Austin, Orcutt, Rosso, (2001) observed that the different ways people think and feel about their own learning affects their development as learners. Glasersfeld, (1989) argued that responsibility of learning should reside increasingly with the learner. Thus social constructivism is important so that students will be actively involved in the learning process, unlike previous educational viewpoints where the responsibility rested with the lecturer to teach and where students played only a passive role. Therefore, students should be encouraged to develop critical thinking skills and not just emulate the practices they observe. Motivation is another crucial assumption where some might give all the responsibility to learn to the students confidence in their potential for learning. However, one must keep in mind that other underlying problems might be the cause, such as personal problems or stress during clinical placement. Building a good relationship with the mentee can solve such problems, because when students confide their problems, mentors can address them appropriately. This would be supported by Darlings (1984) work, where in her study, after she interviewed 50 nurses, 20 physicians and a number of healthcare executives about their experiences with mentors, she identified that there were three vital ingredients for a mentoring relationship: attraction (admiration for the other person), action (invests time and energy to the relationship) and affect (positive feelings toward the other person). In addition, Prawat and Floden (1994) believed that feelings of competence and beliefs to solve new problems are derived from firsthand experience of mastery problems in the past and are much more powerful than any external acknowledgment and motivation. Consequently, the importance of being good role models is once more being stressed where with appropriate behaviour and attitudes, and with interaction together, the mentee will be helped to achieve the state of a competent practitioner. Strengths, problems, and challenges of learning in practice The clinical environment is a strong provider of learning (Cope, Cuthbertson, Stoddart, 2000). In fact, it is the only setting in which the skills of history taking, skills practicing, clinical reasoning, decision making, empathy, and professionalism can be taught and learnt as an integrated whole. However, common problems with clinical teaching exist such as lack of clear objectives and expectations, focusing on factual recall rather than on development of problem solving skills and attitudes, passive observation instead of active participation from the student, lack of reflection, discussion, and feedback and at times teaching by humiliation. These problems may arise due to time pressure, competing demands (especially when needs of patients and students conflict) and last but not least due to the increasing number of students and lack of mentors. Complexity of supervisory process Ever since research reports appeared to suggest that a theory-practice gap existed in nursing (Alexander 1983), a search has been in progress for new roles for nurses in clinical practice and in nurse education. These roles might ensure that what is taught in the theoretical component of nurse education corresponds, at least to some degree, with what happens in clinical practice. Evidently, the key to progressing from novice to an expert is the key to excellent mentor support (Watson, 2000), otherwise the nursing student may make defective assumptions based on inadequate personal reflections. It is useless having a state of the art hospital learning environment, without having enough supportive mentors who are really interested in mentoring. Such learning environment gives students the opportunity to get the most out of their learning processes and to achieve the objectives of clinical placements. On the other hand, failure to meet students expectations can cause disappointment to students during their clinical placement, where they can proclaim that their experience was unfruitful since for learning to take place, there is the need to create meaning from the experience (1998). Thus, one can question if all mentors are enthusiastic and committed to mentoring. Alternatively, mentorship may be supported, by developing workshops (Howatson-Jones, 2003) and other tools to teach, in order to remind mentors how to optimize their skills and to promote mentors and mentorship. Some authors argue, that the choice of the mentor is crucial to a meaningful supervisory relationship, and that this relationship is integral to the whole supervision process in relation to uptake and effectiveness (Jones A., 2001a; Spence, Cantrell, Christie, Sammet, 2002). However, mentorship in Malta is still in its infancy, and there are not enough mentors to accommodate all the students in the faculty, let alone choosing their mentors. Consequently, the need for more responsible mentors arises. Llyod-Jones, Walters, Akehurst, (2001) in their study of 81 pre-registered students found that those students who did not work with a mentor, were usually not supported by any other trained staff, leading to auxiliary nurse work being delegated to the student. Nevertheless, the system in Malta overcame this problem by giving the opportunity to every student to be mentored by different mentors according to the clinical placement, in most of their clinical placements. The environment itself is a valued characteristic for students to learn, mostly characterised by co-operation among staff, and an atmosphere in which they are treated as colleagues not as an extra pair of hands. The impact of a good ward cannot be overstated, where the philosophy of nursing team affects the ward atmosphere. Pearsy and Elliot (2004) declared that if students observe mentors acting as poor role models it affects the students learning negatively. Thus the supervisor role is to assist the supervisee to apply theoretical knowledge, appropriate attitudes and therapeutic communication into practice. This can only be done through the medium of supervisory relationship, since it is through others that we develop into ourselves (Vygotsky 1981). Mentoring is founded upon relationships between people and, like all relationships, is affected by what each participant brings to the relationship. Openness, self-awareness, and a belief in the value of mentoring are important qualitie s for both mentors and mentees to possess. Competency to mentor is built on a balance of individual cognitive, emotional and relationship abilities; personal virtues or characteristics, such as integrity and empathy, and competencies both within ones field of practice and related to mentorship itself (Epstin Hundert, 2002). The success of clinical supervision depends mainly on the supervisee (Dewar Walker, 1999), and it can be useful if they look at their responsibilities in the role. It is important that students are treated with respect as an equal partner. The primary responsibility of the mentors is for their own development and willingness to learn and change, irrelevant to the extent of experience. Yet mentors serve a variety of roles, including being a professional parent, teacher, guide, counsellor, motivator, sponsor, coach, advisor, role model, referral agent, and door opener. Hence a successful mentor must be capable of blending these roles with other important characteristics such as being patient, available, approachable, respected, people oriented, knowledgeable, and secure in their position, in order to help students in the process of competency. Creating competent practitioners Ensuring competence to effectively and safely practice should be the aim of mentoring, and a critical task for the educators. Kane (1992) defines competence as the degree to which the individual can use the knowledge, skills and judgment associated with the profession, to perform effectively, in the domain of possible encounters, defining the scope of professional practice. On the other hand, domains of competence can be assessed to some degree via direct observation because it provides the opportunity to make multiple assessments over time and across different clinical circumstances. Yet, this is not always possible due to time constrains with the student. Thus the faculty must find another approach how to combine lectures and clinical practice in order to give ample time for the student to work with the mentor. Moreover, another question might arise regarding the system sufficiency in providing competent and safe practitioners. The introduction of mentorship was the first step aiming to provide better competent practitioners. However, there are strategies that both mentors and mentees can employ to ensure that they get the most out of a mentoring relationship. Yet, are there policies in place that support the selection of competent, appropriate mentors? Equally important, is the method of students assessment acceptable? Burns Peterson (2005) declared that the assessment must be on going, where the mentor provides formative assessment in line with outcomes and competencies they are expected to achieve. Thus, locally, the final four hour role play, (where students can be motivated purely by the process of assessment to adapt to what they perceive as the requirements of the assessor rather than moving towards achievement of goals such as independent thinking, problem solving and originality) should not contain too much weight in determining students competence. Hence supervision methods will be more effective if used within the context of a healthy supervisory relationship. Asadoorian Batt ( 2005) acknowledged that self assessment should be the first step in self directed learning. However, self-assessment should only complement and not replace another means of assessment. Portfolios, on the other hand, can address a wide range of competencies because it provides a reflective insight into mentees abilities to self assess and learn from experiences. Conclusion Although experience is extremely important as a means of education, theoretical knowledge must be the basic to prepare students for the clinical practice. On the other hand, the need for nurses to be able to integrate theory and practice effectively has long been recognised. Thus, competent mentors are required to help students in minimizing the theory practice gap. The gap can be bridged through reflection and critical thinking so that experience can be transformed into learning. A good relationship between mentor and mentee is important for learning. Mentees appreciate a learning environment where they have the opportunity to learn, to act professionally and to learn about the values and norms on the ward. Moreover, since nursing is a practical profession, there is a need to ensure that practical assessment systems are able to discern the true knowledge base of students. Alternatively, the key to success is to monitor both student and mentor feedback on the learning practice enviro nment.

Crushing the Native Americans

After the Civil War, Indians inhabited almost half of the United States. White Americans were urged to move west and settle, not taking regard that Native Americans already lived there. By the late 1800s most Indians had lost their land and had been driven onto reservations. Eastern Indians had already been forced to the west. A number of tribes weren't cooperative with moving onto reservations and changing their customs. This caused many battles between whites and Native Americans.During the Gold Rush of 1849, a lot of Native Americans were killed by white disease and minors burning their villages. These events were significant because they contributed to an up rise between white Americans and Indians. On November 29, 1864, Colonel John M. Chivington led an attack on the Cheyeane and Arapaho. They killed and scalped men, women, and children. I believe this was important because it showed the disregard for the tribes and how ruthless the whites were against them, but also warranted a treaty. The Fetterman massacre that took place in December 1866 was a big part of theSioux War of 1865-1867. Red Cloud, the Sioux Chief, lured Fetterman's army into an ambush and wiped out all of them. This took place again because of gold rush invasion and only shows the results of someone trying to take another's homeland. http://www. indians. org/articles/native-american-indians. html The Native American Indians were forced out of their homeland, resulting in many issues and events including the Trail of Tears. Most of them eventually converted to the European way of life by dressing the same and changing their religion to Christianity.

All the Pretty Horses novel Essay

The main character, John Grady Cole, faces plenty of hardships throughout his journey from his home in Texas to Mexico. On the other hand, McCarthy writes this award-winning book in a positive way, demonstrating the balance between optimism and pessimism in our world. He shows how John Grady Cole has matured and grown substantially because of this negativity he faces. The reader can clearly see the negativity not only in the first page of the novel, but also in the first paragraph. McCarthy begins the book with, â€Å"†¦ he looked at the face so caved and drawn among the folds of funeral cloth, the yellowed moustache, the eyelids paper thin. That was not sleeping†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (3). The funeral described in the first page is John Grady’s grandpa’s funeral. Starting a book off in this way (with a dead body) obviously points the reader towards the opinion that this book is a long, dreadful ride with much death and destruction. The image of the coffin, the yellowing moustache, and the deceased person clearly shows the negativity that fills this book. Throughout the book, John Grady Cole faces many challenges and much adversity and learns to live with it. After leaving their home in Texas, John Grady and his best friend Rawlins travel hundreds of miles deep into the heart of Mexico on horseback until they reach a ranch offering work called La Purisima. Both of these boys are skilled at working with horses and spend most of their time at the ranch taming and taking care of the many horses there. While working at La Purisima, John meets the ranch owner’s daughter, a beautiful girl named Alejandra, and falls in love. Alejandra’s father absolutely does not appreciate this; in fact, he orders for John Grady and Rawlins to be arrested because of John’s interactions with Alejandra. The hardships that these boys face are relentless, however, John Grady refuses to hang his head and give up. On their way to the jail, John Grady says to Rawlins, â€Å"I can’t back up and start over. But I don’t see the point in slobberin over it† (155). At this point, McCarthy reveals how John Grady has matured and has learned to live with the sorrows he faces. With this new found maturity, and as John Grady Cole overcomes this terrible journey of negativity, he has learned to live with the pessimism and has found out how the negatives go side by side with the positives. Nearing the end of the book John Grady Cole realizes that â€Å"the world’s pain and its beauty moved in a relationship of diverging equity† (282). John Grady has learned the skill of searching for the light in a dark room, constantly refusing to dwell on the negative aspects of his many horrible situations. He has a new wisdom of the world and has learned how it works. In conclusion, McCarthy writes All The Pretty Horses with much negativity and at the same time he delivers a lesson of how positivity is hidden in every situation, journey, and life. McCarthy demonstrates how John Grady Cole learns maturity the hard way: through hardships, sorrow and death. This book leaves the reader with a tear in their eye and a smile on their face, for they know that sorrow is sitting on the doorstep of happiness.

Application Of Knowledge Management At Ho Chi City

The organization founded in 1994 as a Network Experimenting Laboratory, Tinhvan Technologies Jsc now has six member companies locating in Ho Chi Minh City, Da Nang city and Japan including the head office in Ha Noi capital. The manner of the business are professional and friendly established by more than 500 experienced, creative, skilled and well-trained staff members. The organization has become one of the best recognized and satisfied brand from its partners and customers in IT field of Vietnam. The fields of operations which bring many prizes and successes to the organization are Software Development, Software Outsourcing, IT Consulting Services, and Digital Media Mobile Marketing 1.0 JOB DESCRIPTION THE ORGANISATION’S BUSINESS PLANS, BUSINESS GOALS, POLICIES AND PROCEDURES 1.1 Job description – Knowledge Management (KM) KM department (KMD) is a small group located in the head office. Its functions are to collect, manage and develop all the data, information and knowledge of the organization which will be used to archive more proficiency and effectiveness for the future projects. The job description of KMD’s employees is described in detail as below: †¢ Previous projects: o Collecting all the relevant sources properly. o Understanding clearly about all the information such as the cost, the time and the workload amount of all the projects to ensure the supports for future projects †¢ Current projects: o Joining and cooperating with other groups in the projects oShow MoreRelatedApplication Of Knowledge Management At Ho Chi City2462 Words   |  10 Pagesintroduction The organization founded in 1994 as a Network Experimenting Laboratory, Tinhvan Technologies Jsc now has six member companies locating in Ho Chi Minh City, Da Nang city and Japan including the head office in Ha Noi capital. 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